The extra-low permeability oil reservoirs in Shengli oilfield have poor physical property，high heterogeneity，low reserves abundance and small pore throat. During the development，there are problems of low fluid production in single well，difficult effective displacement，contradictory between technical and economic well spacing，etc. In view of the above problems，factors that affect the development of extra-low permeability oil reservoirs were studied from the micro and the macro levels. Non-Darcy percolation mechanism of the extra-low permeability oil reservoirs was deepened，and evaluation method for effective seepage ability was established. A new method of improving the prediction accuracy of thin interbedded reservoirs and phase controlled stress field prediction technology were developed and improved. EOR technology that taking reservoir reconstruction and well pattern adaption as the core was formed. The study of rate-controlled mercury injection and microtubule experiment shows that size and distribution of the throat are the main influencing factors of effective percolation ability in the extra-low permeability oil reservoir；boundary layer exist in the extra-low permeability oil reservoir，which reduces effective flow radius and increases flow resistance. Through the research and application of integrated supporting technologies，the overall level of development was improved，and error between the stress obtained by phasecontrolled heterogeneous stress prediction technique and well point measurement was within 5°. Productivity gained by waterflooding technique in the pseudo-horizontal wells was 144.3×104 t. Well pattern adaptation technology of radial water jet made the recovery efficiency increase by 7.0% in Chun17-1 block. Compound stimulation technology made the average fluid production in single well increase by 3.3 t/d in the units of Es4 oil reservoirs in Bin425 block. So the efficient production and low-cost development of the extra-low permeability reserves were realized.