The tight sandstone matrix is characterized by development of micro-nano pore throats and strong capillary forces. Fracturing fluids can interact with reservoir rocks and cause formation damage resulting in decrease of productivity in oil reservoir. However，considerable previous studies are focused on the damage of the fracturing fluids on the fractures of formations without taking the effect of matrix damage on productivity into consideration. The damage rule of the fracturing fluid on Keshen tight sandstone and the shale matrix of Xujiahe Formation and Lujiaping Formation was studied systematically using a transient pressure pulse instrument that was developed according to the matrix permeability model based on the principle of transient pressure pulse method. Compared with the conventional damage evaluation method measuring the outlet flow of core，the transient pressure pulse method only records the variation of downstream pressure with time during the fluid flowing through the cores，which can evaluate core permeability and damage degree and overcome the problems of large experiment error and long flow monitoring caused by extreme low permeability of the low-permeability cores.