The Yuertusi Formation in the Lower Cambrian is one of the important source rocks in the deep-buried carbonate sediments，Tarim Basin. It is overlaid by the lower-middle Cambrian reservoir which is platform-edge reef bank facies and has good physical property and large-scale distribution. With the deepening of the exploration，a new understanding on the distribution of the source rock in the Yuertusi Formation was proposed. On this basis，the single-well models of thermal history and hydrocarbon generation and migration were built to further define the distribution of effective liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon source rock and determine the dominant directions of hydrocarbon migration using the basin modeling technology，and finally the favorable zones of petroleum migration and accumulation were predicted. The research result suggests that：①the source rock in the Yuertusi Formation experienced two main hydrocarbon generation periods，which are the late Caledonian movement and the late Hercynian movement under the control of tectonic and hydrothermal activity，and the thermal evolution degree was relatively high in the east and relatively low in the west；②After the Permian，the source rock was mainly in the stagnation stage of hydrocarbon generation and its scope of expanded gradually，except the region from the southwest edge of the Bachu uplift to the southwest of the Tarim Basin where the source rock entered the hydrocarbon generation peak；③the liquid hydrocarbon accumulated in the low uplifts during the middle Caledonian and in the slopes around depressions during the late Caledonian，while the gaseous hydrocarbon mainly accumulated in a large scale in slopes around depressions from the late Caledonian to the late Hercynian and migrated along faults，up into the overlying strata，and after the Permian，the favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zones are basically finalized except the southwest of Tarim Basin，which are the large-scale palaeo-uplift and the low peripheral uplifts and slopes；④the junction of oil and gas occurred in the northern Shuntuoguole during the late Hercynian，which makes it the most favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zone；⑤the tectonic inversion during the late Hercynian in the southwest of Tarim Basin destroyed most of the early reservoirs and the favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zone is the southwestern part of the Bachu uplift. Nine favorable zones for liquid hydrocarbon accumulation and ten favorable zones for gaseous hydrocarbon accumulation were predicted.