东营凹陷沙河街组页岩中纹层状亮晶方解石成因与储集意义
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杜玉山(1967—),男,山东沂南人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事油气田开发研究工作。E-mail:duyushan817.slyt@sinopec.com。

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Genesis and reservoir significance of lamellar sparry calcites of Shahejie Formation shale in Dongying Sag
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    摘要:

    济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系沙四段上亚段、沙三段下亚段是胜利油田页岩油的主要分布层位,发育富灰型、混积型、富长英质型3 种页岩储层类型,其中富灰型页岩最为发育。富灰型页岩中亮晶方解石纹层发育段具有良好的储集性、含油性、渗透性、可压性特征,在牛庄、民丰、利津等洼陷多口水平井获得峰值日产油超百吨的良好效果。利用普通薄片、阴极发光、包裹体分析、同位素地球化学分析以及氩离子抛光扫描电镜等测试手段,分析了纹层状亮晶方解石的成因机制及其储集意义。结果表明,纹层状亮晶方解石分为重结晶的晶粒方解石纹层和生排烃形成的纹层状亮晶方解石脉。重结晶的晶粒方解石纹层是湖泊自生沉淀的泥晶方解石纹层在早成岩阶段原地重结晶形成的,其形成过程与浅埋藏期硫酸盐细菌还原作用密切相关,方解石晶体呈粒状,形态不规则,纹层厚度稳定,分布连续;纹层状亮晶方解石脉的形成则与有机质热演化成熟时期的生排烃密切相关,有机酸溶解了页岩中的泥晶方解石形成富碳酸盐流体,这些流体在生烃压力的作用下顺纹层间裂缝运移后再次结晶沉淀形成方解石脉体,纹层相对较厚,呈透镜状,平面上断续分布。2 种亮晶方解石纹层中广泛发育层间缝(层理缝)、晶间缝和晶间孔、溶蚀孔,宏孔占比高,连通性好。亮晶方解石纹层与富有机质泥质纹层呈“层偶状”频互层,构成富有机质纹层状亮晶泥质灰页岩、富有机质纹层状亮晶灰质泥页岩2 种岩相类型,“源储”一体,页岩品质好,是济阳页岩油富灰型页岩中最为有利的岩相类型。

    Abstract:

    The upper Submember of the fourth Member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es 4U)and the Lower Submember of the third Member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es3 L) shales in Dongying Sag are the main horizons of shale oil in Shengli Oilfield.There are three reservoir types:carbonate-rich, mixed and felsic-rich, among which the carbonate-rich type is the most developed.The sections of carbonate-rich shale where lamellar sparry calcites are well-developed exhibit favorable characteristics in reservoir properties, oil bearing, permeability, and compressibility, and the peak daily oil production of many horizontal well exceeds 100 tons in Niuzhuang, Minfeng, and Lijin sags. In this paper, the genetic mechanism of lamellar sparry calcite and its influence on reservoirs were further analyzed through the thin section, cathodoluminescence, inclusion, isotope geochemistry, and argon ion polishing scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the lamellar sparry calcites could be divided into recrystallized granular calcite laminae and lamellar sparry calcite veins crystallized by hydrocarbon generating fluids. The recrystallized granular calcite laminae were formed by the in-situ recrystallization of the lacustrine authigenic micritic calcite laminae during the early diagenesis stage, and the formation process was closely related to the reduction of sulfate bacteria during the shallow burial period. The calcite crystals are granular with irregular shapes, the laminae are equally thick and the distribution is continuous. The formation of lamellar sparry calcite veins was closely related to the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion during the thermal evolution maturity of the organic matter and the organic acids dissolved the micrite calcite in shale to form carbonate-rich fluids. These fluids migrated along the lamellar fractures under the action of hydrocarbon generation pressures, then crystallized and precipitated again to form calcite veins. The laminae are thicker, lenticular, and distributed intermittently on the plane. In sparry calcite lamellae, the interlayer fractures (bedding fractures), intergranular, intragranular pores, and dissolved pores are well-developede, the proportion of macropores is high and fractures and pores have good connectivity. Sparry calcite laminae and organic-rich laminae are interbedded in“ couplets”, which constitute two lithofacies: lamellar organic-rich sparry caly-lime shale and lamellar organic-rich sparry limycaly shale. The "source-reservoir" shale has high-quality which is the most favorable lithofacies in the carbonate-rich shale of Jiyang shale oil.

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杜玉山,蒋龙,倪良田,张云蛟,王冠民,任敏华,程紫燕.东营凹陷沙河街组页岩中纹层状亮晶方解石成因与储集意义[J].油气地质与采收率,2024,31(3):1~15

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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-10
  • 最后修改日期:2024-03-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-08-08
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