基于快速行进法的缝洞型储层数值试井方法
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杜雅雯(1999—),女,山东泰安人,在读硕士研究生,从事油气田开发理论研究。E-mail:duyawen_cn@163.com。

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国家自然科学基金-基金委青年科学基金项目“基于大时间尺度蠕变理论的页岩储层控压增产渗流机理研究”(52104043)。


A numerical well testing method for fractured-vuggy reservoirs based on fast marching method
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    摘要:

    缝洞型储层中发育裂缝、溶洞或孔洞等三重介质,对油气流动的影响十分显著。然而,传统的试井解释方法应用效果并不理想,难以精确描述流体流动的特征。为此,提出了基于快速行进法的数值试井方法,该方法引入嵌入式离散裂缝模型刻画缝洞型三重介质储层,建立用于表征不同介质之间传输过程的程函方程并采用快速行进法求解,由此建立一维扩散飞行时间坐标下的控制方程。在此基础上,根据实际地质特征中不同孔洞、裂缝、溶洞的组合模式,分别建立了溶洞型储集体模式和裂缝-孔洞型储集体模式。研究结果表明:溶洞型储集体中溶洞的大小以及与井筒的相对位置会导致典型曲线的特征存在差异,井-洞不相连时,考虑溶洞大小对压力动态的影响,典型曲线呈现井筒储集阶段、径向流阶段、晚期下凹阶段和边界流阶段4 个特征;井-洞相连时,探究溶洞中心与井筒的相对位置对压力动态的影响,典型曲线呈现井筒储集阶段、径向流阶段、边界流阶段、径向流阶段和边界流阶段5 个特征。而在裂缝-孔洞型储集体中,典型曲线历经井筒储集阶段、早期下凹阶段、晚期下凹阶段和边界流阶段4 个阶段,孔洞与天然裂缝的良好沟通是影响油藏产能的重要因素,孔洞作为流体储集的重要空间,对压力动态变化的影响贯穿储层全生产周期。基于快速行进法的数值试井方法已成功应用于实际现场的储层动态分析,验证了其适用性和有效性,相比传统方法,本方法能够有效地表征复杂缝洞型储层的流体流动规律,为类似储层的开发动态评价提供了参考。

    Abstract:

    In fractured-vuggy reservoirs, triple media consisting of fractures, vugs, or pores significantly affects oil and gas flow.However, traditional well testing interpretation methods have been proven to be ineffective in accurately describing the flow characteristics of the fluid. This paper introduced a numerical well testing method based on the fast marching method. This approach employed an embedded discrete fracture model to describe the triple media of fractured-vuggy reservoirs. The Eikonal equation was established to describe the fluid transmission process between different media and solved with the fast marching method. Then, the control equation under a one-dimensional diffusive time of flight coordinate system could be established. On this basis, two reservoir models were established according to the geological characteristics of different combinations of pores, fractures, and vugs: the vuggy reservoir model and the fractured-vuggy reservoir model. The results indicate that the size of vugs and their relative position to the wellbore lead to differences in the characteristics of the typical curve in vuggy reservoirs. When the vugs are connected to the wellbore, the pressure dynamic is influenced by different vug sizes, and the typical curve exhibits four distinct stages: wellbore storage, radial flow, late-time decline, and boundary flow. In contrast, when the vugs are not connected to the wellbore, the relative position of the vugs to the wellbore affects the pressure dynamic, and the typical curve experiences five stages: wellbore storage,radial flow, boundary flow, radial flow, and boundary flow. In the fractured-vuggy reservoirs, the typical curve undergoes four stages: wellbore storage, early-time decline, late-time decline, and boundary flow. The effective communication between vugs and natural fractures is a key factor that affects the productivity of oil reservoirs. Moreover, vugs serve as an advantageous space for fluid storage and have a greater impact on pressure dynamic changes during the whole production cycles of the reservoirs.Furthermore, the proposed numerical well testing method has been successfully applied to the dynamic analysis of actual reservoirs,demonstrating its applicability and effectiveness. Compared with traditional methods, this approach can more accurately characterize the fluid flow behavior in complex fractured-vuggy reservoirs, providing valuable insights for dynamic evaluation and development of similar reservoirs.

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杜雅雯,滕柏路,蔡寒幸,李清全.基于快速行进法的缝洞型储层数值试井方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2025,32(1):204~214

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-12
  • 最后修改日期:2024-10-12
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-02-13
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