To gain an in-depth understanding of the microscopic flow characteristics and residual oil migration during viscoelastic particle flooding，this study established a pore-scale numerical model for viscoelastic particle-water-oil three-phase flow based on digital core. By tracking the dynamic evolution of the oil and water distribution field and analyzing the spatial structure changes of flow paths，the characteristics and evolution laws of flow paths during viscoelastic particle flooding were systematically revealed.Simulation results indicate that compared with conventional water flooding，dynamically branching flow paths are formed in the porous medium due to the plugging effect on the pore channels or increasing the flow resistance of viscoelastic particles in the pore channels. The evolution of these flow paths exhibits three distinct stages：path reconstruction，where the number of flow paths rapidly decreases from 60 to 25；path optimization，where the standard deviation of the weight increases from 5.00 to 10.00，accompanied by a 22% reduction in residual oil volume fraction；and dynamic equilibrium，where the number of flow paths remains around 15，and the residual oil volume fraction further decreases from 0.26 to 0.13. Quantitative analysis further shows that the resistance regulation and pressure fluctuations during viscoelastic particle flooding prompt fluids to enter previously unmobilized regions，improving displacement efficiency. The volume fraction of mobilized zones increases to 0.50-0.70，and the overall oil recovery is increased by 35% compared to the end of water flooding. The research reveals the dynamic evolution characteristics of the flow path during the viscoelastic particle flooding and clarifies the relationship between its microscopic regulatory mechanism and the macroscopic oil recovery efficiency.