Dissolution trapping is a critical mechanism for CO₂ storage in saline aquifers. However， existing research predominantly relies on static equilibrium assumptions， lacking a systematic understanding of dynamic CO₂ dissolution characteristics under reservoir conditions. This study combined dynamic CO₂ dissolution experiments with response surface methodology，employing the Double Boltzmann function to characterize the non-equilibrium dissolution mechanism. Using central composite design，we constructed a quadratic polynomial regression model examining the effects of injection rate，flow unit index，and salinity on CO₂ dissolution，aiming to reveal the dynamic CO₂ dissolution characteristics and main controlling factors. Results demonstrate that the dynamic CO₂ dissolution process can be categorized into four stages：rapid gas displacement，unstable dissolution lag，dissolution mass-transfer dominance，and diffusive dissolution equilibrium. Non-equilibrium dissolution index curves indicate that dynamic CO₂ dissolution reaches 91% of equilibrium solubility. Quantitative analysis reveals a dual-stage dissolution mechanism transitioning from convection-dominated（decay factor of 3.335，contributing 67.7% of dissolution）to diffusion-dominated（decay factor of 0.967，contributing 32.3% of dissolution）processes. Response surface analysis results show that the influence of factors on solubility in descending order is as follows：salinity，flow unit index，and injection rate，with the optimal dissolution conditions being salinity of 3 750 mg/L，flow unit index of 7.5，and injection rate of 0.5 mL/min. For implementing storage engineering projects，priority should be given to reservoirs with low salinity（<5 000 mg/L），moderate permeability（50×10^-3-150×10^-3 μm²），and moderate porosity（15%-20%）. Based on the stage characteristics of the dissolution process，a phased injection strategy should be adopted. Initially，low injection rates of 0.2-0.5 mL/min should be employed to prevent rapid breakthrough of CO₂ as a continuous phase and increase gas-liquid contact time. In the intermediate stage，a pulsed injection mode can be adopted，periodically adjusting injection rates to promote contact between CO₂ and fresh brine，avoiding decreased dissolution efficiency caused by localized increases in salt concentration