To achieve the“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”goals，carbon capture，utilization，and storage （CCUS）technology plays a key role，among which CO₂ geological storage is an effective means of carbon reduction，mainly utilizing the deep saline aquifer as an important storage site. The injection capacity and storage safety become the two core indicators for evaluating CO₂ storage efficiency during this process. The Jiyang Depression was taken as the target storage area，and the changes in formation pressures and temperatures，CO₂ migration and distribution characteristics，and CO₂ storage capacity after CO₂ injection were evaluated. A CO₂ geological storage model for the deep saline aquifer was established，and nine sets of CO₂ injection schemes were designed to investigate the effects of different injection rates，injection pressures，and injection temperatures on CO₂ migration and distribution characteristics，as well as storage capacity. The results indicate that the injection rate and injection pressure have a significant impact on the injection amount and CO₂ migration and distribution characteristics during CO₂ geological storage，and the impact of the injection pressure is greater，while the impact of the injection temperature is not significant.Increasing the injection rate and injection pressure will increase the total CO₂ injection amount，which is beneficial for improving the storage capacity and increasing the migration distance of the free-phase CO₂ and dissolved-phase CO₂. When 1.4 times the initial formation pressure is applied for CO₂ injection，the maximum CO₂ storage capacity can be achieved. The injection temperature has a significant impact on the formation temperature. Increasing the injection temperature will raise the formation temperature near the injection well. The total CO₂ storage capacity first increases and then decreases with the increase in injection temperature，reaching the maximum when the injection temperature is 52 °C.