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作者简介:

周家全(1993—),男,山东东营人,在读硕士研究生,从事储层成岩作用研究。联系电话:18505462237,E-mail:zhoujiaquan333@yeah.net。

中图分类号:TE122.2

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1009-9603(2019)03-0054-09

DOI:10.13673/j.cnki.cn37-1359/te.2019.03.007

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目录contents

    摘要

    综合利用岩石薄片、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等方法,以鄂尔多斯盆地南部富县地区三叠系延长组长8致密砂岩储层为研究对象,系统研究储层岩石学特征、物性特征及成岩作用,探讨成岩相的类型和成岩作用差异性对储层物性的影响。结果表明:研究区长8储层主要为极细粒-细粒的长石砂岩,成岩作用复杂且差异性较大。研究区储层主要发育机械压实相、碳酸盐胶结相和弱压实-弱胶结相3种成岩相。其中机械压实相砂岩在成岩早期因机械压实作用变为致密储层,多分布于沉积水动力较弱的砂体中;碳酸盐胶结相砂岩在成岩早期因碳酸盐胶结物大量沉淀而致密化;弱压实-弱胶结相砂岩多分布于分流河道中下部水动力较强的砂体中,由于刚性颗粒含量较高且在成岩早期形成大量绿泥石胶结物,抗压实能力显著提高,同时绿泥石膜在一定程度上抑制了其他类型胶结物的形成,为孔隙流体活动提供了充足的空间,溶蚀作用也较为发育,弱压实-弱胶结相砂岩是研究区相对优质的储层。

    Abstract

    The Chang8 tight reservoir of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Fuxian area of the southern Ordos Basin was taken as an example to systematically study the reservoir petrology characteristics,reservoir physical characteristics and diagene- sis,and to discusses the influence of diagenetic facies types and differential diagenesis on reservoir physical property by thin section observation,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the main rock li- thology of Chang8 tight reservoir in the study area is ultrafine to fine arkose with complex and different diagenesis. Diage- netic facies of the reservoir can be divided into three types:mechanical compaction diagenetic facies,carbonate cementa- tion diagenetic facies,and weak compaction-weak cementation diagenetic facies. The sand of mechanical compaction dia- genetic facies becomes tight reservoir mainly due to the mechanical compaction in the early stage of diagenesis and are mainly distributed in sand bodies with weak hydrodynamics. The sand of carbonate cementation diagenetic facies are densi- fied in the early stage of diagenesis due to the massive precipitation of carbonate cement. The sand of weak compactionweak cementation diagenetic facies are mostly distributed in the sand body with strong hydrodynamics in the middle or low-er part of the distributary channel. It has a high content of rigid grains and forms a large amount of chlorite cement in the early stage of diagenesis. Therefore,the ability to resist compaction is significantly improved,and the chlorite membrane in- hibits the formation of other types of cement to a certain extent,thereby providing sufficient space for pore fluid activity,re- sulting in the development of dissolution,which constitutes a relatively high-quality reservoir in the study area.

  • 随着油气勘探的不断深入,致密砂岩油气在中国油气勘探开发中的重要性日益凸显[1]。与常规储层相比,致密砂岩储层具有物性差、成岩作用强、非均质性强和油-水分布复杂等特殊性,如何识别致密砂岩储层内物性相对较好的“甜点”是决定致密砂岩油气勘探成功的关键[1-9]。大量的研究表明,砂岩原始沉积组构和后期埋藏成岩作用的差异性是导致现今储层非均质的主要原因[10-11],因此,研究致密砂岩的成岩非均质性及对储层物性的影响,认识相对优质储层的形成原因,有助于更好地评价致密砂岩储层质量,降低致密砂岩油气勘探开发的风险[112]

  • 鄂尔多斯盆地南部富县地区三叠系延长组长8 储层是典型的致密砂岩储层,储层总体成岩程度高、孔喉细小,物性及含油非均质性强,油气主要富集于物性相对较好的砂岩中[13-17]。近年来,尽管一些学者对富县地区长 8 致密砂岩储层质量进行研究,并在成岩作用类型、成岩演化及孔隙成因等方面取得了一定进展[18-23],然而,由于这些研究工作忽视了强非均质储层内不同类型砂岩的成岩差异性,泛泛地讨论储层总体成岩作用及对物性的影响,不足以获得关于相对优质储层成因和主控因素的确切认识。为此,选择代表性的岩心样品,通过系统开展岩石薄片、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等分析测试,在研究储层岩石学特征和成岩作用类型的基础上,划分储层成岩相,并探讨成岩差异性对储层物性的影响,以期为富县地区致密砂岩储层“甜点”预测提供新思路。

  • 1 区域地质概况

  • 富县地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地南部,面积约为 4 000 km2。构造上隶属鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡带东南部,总体为一个近西倾的平缓单斜(倾角不足 1°),构造活动弱,仅在局部发育小型鼻状隆起[24]

  • 钻井揭示,研究区中生界自下而上发育上三叠统(延长组)、中-下侏罗统(富县组、延安组、直罗组、安定组)和下白垩统(洛河组)。其中,延长组是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界主力产油层位之一,自下而上可分为长 10—长 1 共 10 个油层组,长 8 储层为主要产油层位之一,埋深为600~1 900 m。

  • 长 8 储层沉积时期湖盆整体处于缓慢沉降期[25],主要发育受控于东北物源[25-26] 的三角洲前缘亚相[27-28]。长 8储层上部长 81砂层组以分流间湾沉积为主,泥岩相对发育,厚度为 40~50 m,局部砂体含油;下部长 82砂层组主要为水下分流河道沉积,砂体比较发育,厚度为50~60 m,为主要含油层段。

  • 根据研究区 733 个砂岩样品的物性测试数据,长 8 储层平均孔隙度为 7.20%,平均渗透率为 0.36 mD,属于特低孔-超低渗透储层(图1a)。孔隙度和渗透率的变化范围较大,其中孔隙度主要为 1.5%~13.92%,最高值可达 17.78%,渗透率主要为 0.1~1mD,最高值可达9.9 mD,储层非均质性较强。

  • 图1 富县地区长8储层物性及岩石学特征

  • Fig.1 Reservoir physical and petrological characteristics of Chang8 Formation in Fuxian area

  • 2 岩石学特征

  • 岩心观察和薄片鉴定表明,长 8 储层主要为极细-细粒的长石砂岩(图1b),成分成熟度较低,平均为 0.43。以点-线接触为主,分选较好,磨圆度为次棱-次圆状,结构成熟度中等。

  • 碎屑组分中石英含量为 12%~41%(平均为 23.75%),以单晶石英为主。长石含量为 24%~68% (平均为50.37%),主要为斜长石和少量钾长石。岩屑含量为 1%~12%(平均为 5.09%),岩屑成分复杂,包括喷发岩岩屑、石英岩岩屑、片岩岩屑、千枚岩岩屑、板岩岩屑、变质砂岩岩屑、粉砂岩岩屑、白云岩和灰岩岩屑,其中变质岩岩屑占比较大(平均为 3.44%)。云母含量为0~20%(平均为5.68%)。

  • 长 8 储层填隙物组分中胶结物含量为 3%~42%,平均为 14.28%,胶结物主要为碳酸盐岩(平均为 7.37%)、黏土矿物(平均为 5.7%)和少量硅质(平均为0.88%)。黏土矿物以绿泥石为主(占黏土矿物总量的 53.7%),其次为伊/蒙混层(占黏土矿物总量的40.1%),伊利石和高岭石含量相对较低。胶结类型为接触式和接触-孔隙式。杂基含量较低,平均仅为0.7%,主要为泥质及铁泥质。

  • 3 成岩作用类型

  • 综合分析普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及X射线衍射等资料,认为长 8 储层经历了复杂的成岩作用改造,且成岩差异性强,主要成岩作用类型为压实作用,石英、方解石和自生黏土矿物的胶结作用,溶蚀作用及少量的交代蚀变作用。

  • 3.1 压实作用

  • 压实作用在矿物组构特征上主要表现为云母、片岩岩屑等塑性颗粒在应力作用下定向排列或塑性变形(图2a),呈假杂基状,挤占原生孔隙,石英、长石等刚性碎屑颗粒间呈点-线接触,或石英颗粒发生破裂,生长自生微晶石英(图2b)。

  • 图2 富县地区长8储层成岩作用特征

  • Fig.2 Characteristics of diagenesis of the Chang8 Formation in Fuxian area

  • 长 8 储层视压实率为 12.5%~85%(平均为 63%),变化范围较大,反映储层的机械压实程度存在较大的差异,既有弱压实(无接触或点接触为主,图2c)、中等压实(线接触为主),也有强压实(凹凸接触,图2a)。镜下观察发现弱压实和中等压实程度的砂岩通常有 2 类:第 1 类碳酸盐胶结物较为发育,孔隙几乎不发育;第 2 类砂岩粒径相对较大,石英、长石等刚性颗粒含量较高,塑性颗粒含量较低。强压实程度的砂岩粒径普遍较小,多为极细砂,云母等塑性颗粒含量相对较高且变形严重,孔隙发育程度很低。

  • 研究区长8储层不发育指示化学压实作用的石英压溶现象或缝合线接触,分析其可能原因有2个: ①长 8 储层均为长石砂岩,石英颗粒含量(12%~41%)低,减少了石英颗粒相互接触的概率。②由于发生化学压实作用的门槛温度一般为80℃,对应的最大埋深约为2 000 m[11],长8储层在其最大埋深达到2 000 m之前,地温一般低于80℃,自生石英胶结物未大量生成。

  • 3.2 胶结作用

  • 长 8 储层砂岩胶结作用普遍发育,视胶结率为 2%~96%,平均为69%,说明储层经历了中等强度的胶结作用,视胶结率变化范围较大,储层胶结作用差异性明显,胶结物类型多样,主要包括碳酸盐、黏土矿物和硅质胶结物等。

  • 3.2.1 碳酸盐胶结作用

  • 长 8 储层碳酸盐胶结物含量为 0~35%,平均为 7.37%,主要为方解石、白云石和菱铁矿。其中,方解石胶结物主要包括泥晶方解石和亮晶方解石。

  • 泥晶方解石在单偏光下呈黄褐色,以基底式胶结为主(图2c);亮晶方解石自形程度明显高于泥晶方解石,多呈连晶式胶结粒间孔,另有少量的亮晶方解石呈斑晶状充填于粒间孔,绿泥石包膜发育 (图2d)。白云石含量较低,常呈斑状胶结孔隙或交代方解石胶结物(图2e)。菱铁矿含量较低,主要以微晶团块集合体充填于粒间孔隙中,或在碎屑颗粒表面呈包壳状分布,常被亮晶方解石交代(图2f)。

  • 碳酸盐胶结物在长 8 储层中分布极为不均一。砂岩中塑性颗粒含量较高时,碳酸盐胶结物含量较少,多呈微晶状充填于孔隙中,自形程度较差;当刚性颗粒含量较高且绿泥石包膜较为发育时,砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物较少发育甚至不发育,其自形程度通常较好,多呈斑晶状充填粒间孔(图2d);砂岩中刚性颗粒含量较高而绿泥石包膜较少时,碳酸盐胶结物通常呈基底式胶结(图2c)。结合铸体薄片鉴定结果发现,碳酸盐胶结物含量大于 15% 时,砂岩中原生孔隙和次生孔隙几乎都不发育(图2c)。

  • 3.2.2 黏土矿物胶结作用

  • 扫描电镜观察和 X射线衍射分析数据表明长 8 储层中黏土矿物平均含量为 20%,主要包括绿泥石 (平均为10.74%)、伊利石(平均为1.25%)和伊/蒙混层(平均为 8.01%),未检测到高岭石等其他黏土矿物(表1)。

  • 表1 富县地区长8储层中黏土矿物特征参数

  • Table1 Clay minerals component of Chang8 sandstone in Fuxian area

  • 绿泥石是长 8 储层中最主要的自生黏土矿物,占黏土矿物总量的53.7%(表1),主要以包膜的形式覆盖在颗粒表面(图2g,2h);少量自形程度较高,呈玫瑰花状充填于孔隙中。在碳酸盐胶结物含量较高的砂岩中,绿泥石包膜发育程度通常较低;而在碳酸盐胶结物含量较低的砂岩中,绿泥石包膜较为发育,特别是砂岩中塑性颗粒含量较低时,颗粒周边通常发育绿泥石包膜,颗粒间以点-线接触为主,物性较好。

  • 伊利石多呈片状、毛发状或薄膜状覆盖在碎屑颗粒表面。伊/蒙混层多呈蜂窝状或卷片状充填在孔隙中(图2i)。

  • 3.2.3 硅质胶结作用

  • 长 8 储层硅质胶结物分布广泛,但含量普遍较低,仅为0~3%,平均为0.55%,主要为自生微晶石英和次生石英加大边(图2j),次生石英加大边一般具有 1 个世代,少量具有 2 个世代。扫描电镜下自生微晶石英晶形明显好于次生石英加大边,呈六方双锥状附着在绿泥石包膜上(图2h)。

  • 硅质胶结物在砂岩中的分布同样具有明显的差异性,绿泥石包膜较为发育的砂岩中,硅质胶结含量极低或不含,通常呈现为自生微晶石英的形式,而在绿泥石包膜含量较低的砂岩中,硅质胶结通常以次生石英加大边的形式发育在未被绿泥石薄膜包裹的石英颗粒边缘。

  • 3.2.4 浊沸石胶结作用

  • 浊沸石胶结物在长 8 储层中含量较低,平均仅为 3.9%,主要呈嵌晶状充填于粒间孔内,同时可见部分浊沸石被方解石交代(图2k)。浊沸石胶结物多分布在粒径较大、刚性颗粒较多且碳酸盐胶结程度较低的砂岩中,而在塑性颗粒和碳酸盐胶结物含量较高的砂岩中,几乎未见浊沸石胶结物。

  • 3.3 溶蚀作用

  • 长 8 储层中溶蚀作用以长石溶蚀为主,其次为岩屑、云母碎屑和粒间填隙物的溶蚀。长石的溶蚀作用主要沿解理面发生。部分样品中可见长石颗粒被自生绿泥石膜包裹,酸性流体仍然选择性溶蚀长石,直至长石颗粒完全溶蚀,形成铸膜孔隙(图2l)。

  • 长 8 储层中溶蚀作用发育程度总体较低,且分布不均,在塑性颗粒和碳酸盐胶结物含量较高的砂岩中几乎未见到明显的溶蚀现象,而在刚性颗粒含量较高且绿泥石包膜较为发育的砂岩中发育程度相对较高。

  • 4 成岩相类型及特征

  • 储层岩石学及成岩作用特征研究表明,长 8 储层内不同组构砂岩中发生的成岩作用极不均衡,差异性明显。根据成岩作用类型和强度、成岩矿物和碎屑组分等因素,可将长 8 储层砂岩划分为 3 类成岩相,即:机械压实相(图3a)、碳酸盐胶结相(图3b) 和弱压实-弱胶结相(图3c,3d)。

  • 图3 富县地区长8储层3类成岩相显微照片

  • Fig.3 Photomicrographs of three different diagenetic facies of Chang8 Formation in Fuxian area

  • 机械压实相平均粒径(平均为 0.116 mm)较小,多为极细砂岩,其碎屑组分中石英(平均为 24.06%)、长石含量(平均为 41.20%)较低,而云母 (平均为 14.03%)和岩屑含量(平均为 10.19%)较高 (图4),岩屑中千枚岩、片岩和喷发岩等塑性岩屑所占比例明显高于其他 2 类成岩相。胶结物含量(平均为 10.15%)较低,除少量碳酸盐矿物和黏土矿物外,几乎不发育其他胶结物(图4)。由于塑性碎屑含量(大于 15%)高,抗压实作用能力弱,应力作用下易发生强烈塑性变形(图2a,3a)甚至挤入粒间孔隙,使得颗粒间以凹凸接触为主,孔隙极不发育。

  • 图4 富县地区长8储层不同成岩相的碎屑和自生矿物含量

  • Fig.4 Detrital and authigenic mineral contents of different diagenetic facies of Chang8 Formation in Fuxian area

  • 碳酸盐胶结相平均粒径较机械压实相大,为 0.168 mm,石英(平均为 23.53%)和长石(平均为 38.52%)含量在 3 类成岩相中最低,而胶结物含量 (平均为 24.42%)最高,以碳酸盐胶结物为主,平均为21.22%,其他胶结物含量较低(图4),机械压实作用弱,以无接触(图2c)或点-线接触(图3b)为主。碳酸盐胶结物多以连晶状充填粒间孔,薄片观察表明仅发育少量碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀孔隙,孔隙总体发育程度很低。

  • 弱压实-弱胶结相平均粒径(平均为 0.159 mm) 分布范围较广,以细砂岩居多,含少量极细砂岩,碎屑组分中石英(平均为 24.75%)、长石含量(平均为 54.11%)相对较高,岩屑(平均为7.09%)和云母含量 (平均为 4.04%)较低(图4),以点-线接触为主(图3c)。机械压实作用相对较弱,胶结作用类型多样,胶结物总量(平均6.95%)较低,其中,绿泥石胶结物含量相对较高。孔隙较发育,以原生孔隙为主,占总面孔率的比例平均为 64.4%,原生孔隙周边多发育绿泥石膜(图2g,3c),次生孔隙次之,主要为长石和岩屑溶蚀孔。

  • 3类成岩相在纵向分布上呈现出一定的规律性,呈层状交替。塑性颗粒含量较高的机械压实相多分布于分流河道砂体上部或分流河道间湾等沉积水动力较弱的砂体中,且塑性颗粒含量与平均粒径呈明显的负相关关系(图5),这是由于云母等塑性颗粒多为片状,密度较低,所需的沉积水动力较低;弱压实-弱胶结相多出现在沉积水动力较强的分流河道砂体中下部;而碳酸盐胶结相呈层状分布,水动力较强的分流河道底部和水动力较弱的水下分流河道上部均有发育,受沉积水动力影响较小。

  • 图5 富县地区黄探1井长8储层综合柱状图

  • Fig.5 Comprehensive column diagram of Chang8 Formation in Well Huangtan1 in Fuxian area

  • 5 成岩作用差异性对储层物性的影响

  • 物源和风化程度决定岩石矿物组成,而沉积环境决定沉积物分布、粒度及分选[1129]。受岩石原始组分和结构控制,长 8 储层不同成岩相中成岩作用对储层物性的影响各不相同。

  • 压实作用是研究区储层物性变差的首要原因。统计塑性颗粒含量与面孔率的关系发现,塑性颗粒含量越高,面孔率越低(图6a)。机械压实相中云母等塑性颗粒含量较高,压实作用程度高,根据 HOUSEKNECHT 图版[30],平均压实作用减孔率高达90 %(图7)。弱压实-弱胶结相中刚性碎屑颗粒含量相对较高,抗压实能力较强,平均压实作用减孔率为76%(图7)。碳酸盐胶结相中由于早期碳酸盐胶结物大量发育,提高了岩石抗压实能力,碎屑颗粒多呈悬浮状,平均压实作用减孔率仅为 28%(图7)。因此,压实作用是机械压实相和弱压实-弱胶结相砂岩粒间孔隙损失的主要成岩作用。

  • 图6 富县地区成岩作用对储层物性的影响

  • Fig.6 Impact of diagenesis on reservoir physical properties in Fuxian area

  • 图7 富县地区长8油层组储层粒间体积-胶结物含量关系

  • Fig.7 Relationship between intergranular volume and cements of Chang8 Formation in Fuxian area

  • 早成岩期碳酸盐胶结物虽然可以增强岩石抗压实能力,但同时占据了孔隙空间并堵塞喉道。统计碳酸盐胶结物与面孔率的关系发现,两者呈明显的负相关性,碳酸盐胶结物含量从 1% 增加至 30% 时,面孔率从 14% 降低至 0(图6b)。根据 HOUSE⁃ KNECHT 图版[30],机械压实相和弱压实-弱胶结相平均胶结作用减孔率均低于 25%,而碳酸盐胶结相平均胶结作用减孔率高达 66%(图7),说明碳酸盐胶结相中胶结作用是最主要的破坏性成岩作用。

  • 绿泥石胶结物在目的层中发育广泛,通常以绿泥石膜的形式附着在碎屑颗粒表面,发育自生绿泥石膜的孔隙多呈三角形或多边形(图2g,3c),孔隙边缘整齐平直,孔径一般较大,为10~50 μm,连通性较好(图3c),孔隙中自生矿物较少。统计发现,绿泥石胶结物含量与粒间孔面孔率呈明显的正相关性(图6c)。绿泥石膜在弱压实-弱胶结相中较发育,分隔了颗粒表面与孔隙流体,抑制了自生石英和长石胶结物的发育,同时增强了岩石抗压实能力,是弱压实-弱胶结相保持较好物性的关键。

  • 研究区溶蚀作用主要为长石溶蚀(图2l),长石含量与溶蚀孔面孔率存在明显的正相关性(图6d)。机械压实相和碳酸盐胶结相由于在成岩作用早期就已致密,基本不具备渗流能力和溶蚀作用发生的条件。弱压实-弱胶结相则因长石颗粒含量较高,早期物性较好,酸性流体能够进入孔隙中,发生较强的溶蚀作用。

  • 6 结论

  • 富县地区长 8 储层主要为长石砂岩,主要成岩作用类型为压实作用、碳酸盐和自生黏土矿物的胶结作用、长石和岩屑的溶蚀作用及少量的交代蚀变作用,成岩作用差异性强。其中机械压实和碳酸盐胶结作用是最主要的破坏性成岩作用,而绿泥石胶结和次生溶蚀作用为建设性成岩作用。

  • 储层成岩非均质性强,主要可归结为机械压实相、碳酸盐胶结相和弱压实-弱胶结相 3 种成岩相。机械压实相砂岩受沉积水动力控制,多分布于分流河道砂体上部或分流河道间湾等沉积水动力较弱的砂体中,其平均粒径较小,塑性颗粒含量高,进一步导致抗压实能力弱,在成岩作用早期由于机械压实作用而变为致密储层。碳酸盐胶结相砂岩的分布与沉积水动力无明显的相关性,主要受控于成岩作用的差异,在成岩作用早期因被大量碳酸盐胶结物胶结而致密。弱压实-弱胶结相砂岩多分布在分流河道中下部等水动力较强的砂体中,平均粒径相对较大,刚性颗粒含量高,抗压实能力强,在成岩作用早期绿泥石胶结物的大量发育进一步固结了岩石,增强了岩石抗压实能力,且绿泥石膜一定程度上抑制了其他胶结物的发育,为孔隙中成岩流体活动提供了充足的空间,溶蚀作用较为发育,形成了相对优质的储层。

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    • [6] LAW B E,CURTIS J B.Introduction to unconventional petroleum systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1 851-1 852.

    • [7] 贾承造,邹才能,李建忠,等.中国致密油评价标准、主要类型、基本特征及资源前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):343-350.JIA Chengzao,ZOU Caineng,LI Jianzhong,et al.Assessment cri⁃ teria,main types,basic features and resource prospects of the tight oil in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):343-350.

    • [8] 孙建博,孙兵华,赵谦平,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区延长组长7湖相页岩油地质特征及勘探潜力评价[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(6):29-37.SUN Jianbo,SUN Binghua,ZHAO Qianping,et al.Geological characteristics and exploration potential evaluation of Chang7 la⁃ custrine shale oil in Yanchang Formation,Fuxian area,Ordos Ba⁃ sin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(6):29-37.

    • [9] 翟利华,林艳波,秦智,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长4+ 5 低阻油层成因及识别方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(2):50-57.ZHAI Lihua,LIN Yanbo,QIN Zhi,et al.Genetic mechanism and identification methods of low resistivity oil reservoirs in Chang4+ 5 member of Yanchang Formation in Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(2):50-57.

    • [10] CERIANI A,GIULIO A D,GOLDSTEIN R H,et al.Diagenesis as⁃ sociated with cooling during burial:an example from Lover Creta⁃ ceous reservoir sandstones[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(9):1 573-1 591.

    • [11] AJDUKIEWICZ J M,LANDER R H.Sandstone reservoir quality prediction:The state of the art[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1 083-1 091.

    • [12] RUSHING J A,NEWSHAM K E,BLASINGAME T A.Rock typ⁃ ing:keys to understanding productivity in tight gas sands[C].Key⁃ stone:SPE Unconventional Reservoirs Conference,2008.

    • [13] 胡作维,李云,黄思静,等.砂岩储层中原生孔隙的破坏与保存机制研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(1):14-25.HU Zuowei,LI Yun,HUANG Sijing,et al.Reviews of the destruc⁃ tion and preservation of primary porosity in the sandstone reser⁃ voirs[J].Advances in Earth Sciences,2012,27(1):14-25.

    • [14] 刘广林,马爽,邵晓州,等.鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷北段长8储层致密成因[J].东北石油大学学报,2016,40(5):38-45.LIU Guanglin,MA Shuang,SHAO Xiaozhou,et al.Origin of tight reservoir in Chang8 reservoir in the north of Tianhuan depression,Ordos basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(5):38-45.

    • [15] 梁承春,郭景祥.鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田延长组长81小层致密砂岩成岩作用与储层特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):57-63.LIANG Chengchun,GUO Jingxiang.Diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of tight sandstones of Chang81 member of Yan⁃ chang Formation in Honghe oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):57-63.

    • [16] 王明培,夏东领,伍岳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田长8致密砂岩储层成岩特征[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(6):786-792,835.WANG Mingpei,XIA Dongling,WU Yue,et al.Diagenesis fea⁃ tures of Chang8 tight sandstone reservoir in Honghe Oil Field,Or⁃ dos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2018,40(6):786-792,835.

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    • [19] 万友利,张哨楠,丁晓琪,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区延长组成岩作用与优质储层关系研究[J].新疆地质,2013,31(2):207-212.WAN Youli,ZHANG Shaonan,DING Xiaoqi,et al.The study of relationship between the diagenesis and the quality reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Fuxian area of Ordos Basin,China[J].Xinjiang Geology,2013,31(2):207-212.

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    • [21] 付晶,吴胜和,付金华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组储层定量成岩相研究[J].地学前缘,2013,20(2):86-97.FU Jing,WU Shenghe,FU Jinhua,et al.Research on quantitative diagenetic facies of the Yanchang Formation in Longdong Area,Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(2):86-97.

    • [22] 谢正温,谢渊,王剑,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区延长组主要油层组储层特征[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(6):575-582.XIE Zhengwen,XIE Yuan,WANG Jian,et al.The reservoir char⁃ acteristics of Yanchang group in Fuxian region,Erdos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2005,27(6):575-582.

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    • [24] 刘化清,袁剑英,李相博,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长期湖盆演化及其成因分析[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):52-56.LIU Huaqing,YUAN Jianying,LI Xiangbo,et al.Lake basin evo⁃ lution of Ordos Basin during Middle-Late Triassic and its origin analysis[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(1):52-56.

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    • [26] 吴立群,焦养泉,杨琴,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区延长组物源体系分析[J].沉积学报,2010,28(3):434-440.WU Liqun,JIAO Yangquan,YANG Qin,et al.Provenance system analysis of Yanchang Formation in Fuxian area of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(3):434-440.

    • [27] 陈永波,雍学善,刘化清.沉积体系域控制下的岩性油气藏预测方法研究及应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地北部中生界延长组岩性油气藏为例[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):62-66.CHEN Yongbo,YONG Xueshan,LIU Huaqing.The research and application of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs prediction in sedi⁃ mentary system tract-An example from Mesozoic Yanchang For⁃ mation in northem Ordos Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(2):62-66.

    • [28] 李文厚,庞军刚,曹红霞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长期沉积体系及岩相古地理演化[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2009,39(3):501-506.LI Wenhou,PANG Jungang,CAO Hongxia,et al.Depositional sys⁃ tem and paleogeographic evolution of the late Triassic Yanchang Stage in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2009,39(3):501-506.

    • [29] MORAD S,Al-RAMADAN K,KETZER J M,et al.The impact of diagenesis on the heterogenity of sandstone reservoirs:A review of the role of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1 267-1 309.

    • [30] HOUSEKNECHT D W.Assessing the relative importance of com⁃ paction processes and cementation to reduction of porosity in sandstones[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(6):633-642.

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