en
×

分享给微信好友或者朋友圈

使用微信“扫一扫”功能。
作者简介:

朱丽娜(1996—),女,河南商丘人,在读硕士研究生,从事油气藏数值模拟与动态分析研究。E-mail:zhulina812130@163.com。

通讯作者:

张艺钟(1991—),女,四川成都人,讲师,博士。E-mail:YizhongZhang@yangtzeu.edu.cn。

中图分类号:TE349

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1009-9603(2023)05-0139-08

DOI:10.13673/j.pgre.202211036

参考文献 1
曹炜,鲜成钢,吴宝成,等.玛湖致密砾岩油藏水平井生产动态分析及产能预测——以玛131小井距立体开发平台为例[J].新疆石油地质,2022,43(4):440-449.CAO Wei,XIAN Chenggang,WU Baocheng,et al.Production performance analysis and productivity prediction of horizontal wells in Mahu tight conglomerate reservoirs:A case of Ma 131 dense?spacing 3D development pad [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2022,43(4):440-449.
参考文献 2
蔡珺君,李小刚,朱文涛,等.整合测井资料的碳酸盐岩气田 “一点法”产能评价方法[J].断块油气田,2023,30(2):301-307.CAI Junjun,LI Xiaogang,ZHU Wentao,et al.“One point method” productivity evaluation method in carbonate gas field by integrating logging data [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2023,30(2):301-307.
参考文献 3
李东晖,田玲钰,聂海宽,等.基于模糊层次分析法的页岩气井产能影响因素分析及综合评价模型——以四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田为例[J].油气藏评价与开发,2022,12(3):417-428,454.LI Donghui,TIAN Lingyu,NIE Haikuan,et al.Factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation model of shale gas well productivity based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process:Taking Jiaoshiba shale gas field in Sichuan Basin as an example [J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2022,12(3):417-428,454.
参考文献 4
马亮亮.非均质致密油藏压裂水平井产能预测模型[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2022,41(4):168-174.MA Liangliang.Productivity prediction model for fractured horizontal well in heterogeneous tight oil reservoirs [J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2022,41(4):168-174.
参考文献 5
YU Shaoyong,刘玉慧.页岩及致密地层油气井的生产特征及可采储量计算方法[J].油气藏评价与开发,2021,11(2):12-19.YU Shaoyong,LIU Yuhui.Production performance and EUR forecast of wells producing from tight/shale reservoirs [J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2021,11(2):12-19.
参考文献 6
孙波,王汉鹏,李波,等.杏北开发区二次加密采油井平均地层压力计算方法研究[J].油气井测试,2000,9(1):12-15.SUN Bo,WANG Hanpeng,LI Bo,et al.Average formation pressure of secondary encrypted oil recovery wells in Xingbei development zone calculation method study [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2000,9(1):12-15.
参考文献 7
赵梓瑜.F 油田密井网试井理论及平均地层压力计算方法研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2018.ZHAO Ziyu.Well test theory and the average formation pressure calculation method of dense well pattern in F Oilfield [D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2018.
参考文献 8
王绍平,廖新维,戴勇,等.砾岩油藏平均地层压力计算方法研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,35(20):4-6.WANG Shaoping,LIAO Xinwei,DAI Yong,et al.Research on the calculation method of average formation pressure in conglomerate reservoir [J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2009,35(20):4-6.
参考文献 9
胡建国.确定低渗透油藏生产井平均地层压力的简便方法[J].中国海上油气:地质,1994,8(1):57-61.HU Jianguo.A simple method to determine the average formation pressure of production wells in low permeability reservoirs [J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Geology,1994,8(1):57-61.
参考文献 10
张静静.地层平均压力计算方法研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.ZHANG Jingjing.The research of calculation methods for determination of average reservoir pressure [D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015.
参考文献 11
匡建超,史乃光.利用气井点压计算平均地层压力[J].油气井测试,1989,(3):1-5.KUANG Jianchao,SHI Naiguang.Calculation of average formation pressure using gas well point pressure [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,1989,(3):1-5.
参考文献 12
卢德唐,孔祥言.利用压力分布积分计算平均地层压力[J].石油学报,1993,14(1):81-91.LU Detang,KONG Xiangyan.Calculation of average formation pressure using pressure distribution integral [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(1):81-91.
参考文献 13
李培超,孔祥言,卢德唐.利用拟压力分布积分方法计算气藏平均地层压力[J].天然气工业,2000,20(3):67-69.LI Peichao,KONG Xiangyan,LU Detang.Calculation of average formation pressure in gas reservoirs using the proposed pressure distribution integral method [J].Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(3):67-69.
参考文献 14
谢晶,罗沛,杨云,等.东坪基岩气藏压力恢复试井曲线特征识别及解释研究[J].非常规油气,2020,7(3):90-95.XIE Jing,LUO Pei,YANG Yun,et al.Study on identification of pressure transient characteristics and well test interpretation of Dongping bedrock gas reservoir [J].Unconventional Oil & Gas,2020,7(3):90-95.
参考文献 15
陈进娥,何顺利,门成全.靖边气田地层压力评价方法适用性研究[J].油气藏评价与开发,2013,3(1):27-30,35.CHEN Jine,HE Shunli,MEN Chengquan.Applicability research of formation pressure evaluation method in Jingbian gas field [J].Oil and Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2013,3(1):27-30,35.
参考文献 16
刘志军,许黎明,黄有根,等.低渗透气井短期关井计算地层压力[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(6):159-163,169.LIU Zhijun,XU Liming,HUANG Yougen,et al.Short-term shut-in of low-permeability gas wells to calculate formation pressure [J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(6):159-163,169.
参考文献 17
蒋益宛,顾宝江,严玉华,等.利用短期关井压力数据确定地层压力[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(2):55-57,84.JIANG Yiwan,GU Baojiang,YAN Yuhua,et al.Short-term shut-in pressure data is used to determine the formation pressure [J].Oil Drilling Technology,2002,24(2):55-57,84.
参考文献 18
关利军,李建周,杨少坤,等.利用回压试井资料确定气井生产期间井底流动压力的方法[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(1):104-106,110.GUAN Lijun,LI Jianzhou,YANG Shaokun,et al.A method for determining bottomhole flow pressure during gas well production using back pressure test data [J].Journal of Petroleum and Natural Gas,2012,34(1):104-106,110.
参考文献 19
马水龙,尹洪军,吴世旗.用压力恢复曲线计算油藏平均压力的新方法[J].油气井测试,2002,11(2):7-9.MA Shuilong,YIN Hongjun,WU Shiqi.A new method for calculating average reservoir pressure using pressure recovery curve [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2002,11(2):7-9.
参考文献 20
周继德,韩江国,卢祥国.对不关井测算地层压力方法的认识 [J].油气井测试,1994,3(3):51-55.ZHOU Jide,HAN Jiangguo,LU Xiangguo.Awareness of the method of measuring formation pressure without shutting down wells [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,1994,3(3):51-55.
参考文献 21
张继成,高艳,宋考平.利用产量数据计算封闭气藏地层压力的方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(1):35-37.ZHANG Jicheng,GAO Yan,SONG Kaoping.A method for calculating formation pressure in closed gas reservoirs using production data [J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(1):35-37.
参考文献 22
王焰东,陈明强,曹宝格,等.一种求解定容封闭气藏任意时刻地层压力的实用方法[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(5):40-42.WANG Yandong,CHEN Mingqiang,CAO Baoge,et al.Practical method for solving the formation pressure of a closed constant-volume gas reservoir at any time [J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2008,23(5):40-42.
参考文献 23
王富平,黄全华,杨海波,等.利用生产数据计算气井地层压力方法优选[J].断块油气田,2009,16(1):66-68.WANG Fuping,HUANG Quanhua,YANG Haibo,et al.Method optimizing of using production data to calculate formational pressure of gas well [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2009,16(1):66-68.
参考文献 24
吴克柳,李相方,石军太,等.水驱凝析气藏地层压力计算方法 [J].石油学报,2012,33(2):278-283.WU Keliu,LI Xiangfang,SHI Juntai,et al.A computational method for reservoir pressure of water-drive condensate gas reservoir [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):278-283.
参考文献 25
杨永庆.基于流动物质平衡原理计算气藏平均地层压力[J].断块油气田,2015,22(6):747-751.YANG Yongqing.Calculation of average reservoir pressure by using modified flowing material balance [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2015,22(6):747-751.
参考文献 26
蒋艳芳.利用生产数据计算大牛地气田地层压力可行性分析 [J].重庆科技学院学报:自然科学版,2016,18(3):30-33.JIANG Yanfang.Feasibility analysis of using production data to calculate formation pressure in Daniudi gas field [J].Journal of Chongqing Institute of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2016,18(3):30-33.
参考文献 27
陶永富,许瑞,乔梁,等.应用物质平衡法评价鸭儿峡M油藏地层压力[J].油气井测试,2019,28(1):72-78.TAO Yongfu,XU Rui,QIAO Liang,et al.Evaluation of formation pressure in M reservoir of Yaerxia Oilfield by material balance method [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2019,28(1):72-78.
参考文献 28
尹洪军,文刚,邢翠巧,等.多井系统复合油藏平均地层压力计算方法研究[J].特种油气藏,2019,26(4):76-80.YIN Hongjun,WEN Gang,XING Cuiqiao,et al.Average formation pressure calculation for the composite oil reservoir with multi-well system [J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2019,26(4):76-80.
参考文献 29
张磊,王永科,倪军,等.气藏平均地层压力跟踪计算新方法[J].石油学报,2021,42(4):492-499,522.ZHANG Lei,WANG Yongke,NI Jun,et al.A new method for tracking and calculating average formation pressure of gas reservoirs [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2021,42(4):492-499,522.
参考文献 30
武男,石石,郑世琪,等.基于物质平衡反演法的致密砂岩气藏地层压力计算[J].煤田地质与勘探,2022,50(9):115-121.WU Nan,SHI Shi,ZHENG Shiqi,et al.Formation pressure calculation of tight sandstone gas reservoir based on material balance inversion method [J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2022,50(9):115-121.
参考文献 31
焦红梅,孙维,孙依依.国内气顶油藏开发实践及开发程序探讨[J].石化技术,2020,27(2):96-99.JIAO Hongmei,SUN Wei,SUN Yiyi.Development practices and procedures of gas cap reservoirs in China [J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2020,27(2):96-99.
参考文献 32
王冠群.S 气顶油藏注气开发方案设计研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2018.WANG Guanqun.Research on gas injection development plan for S gas cap reservoir [D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2018.
参考文献 33
李传亮.油藏工程原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.LI Chuanliang.Principles of reservoir engineering [M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
参考文献 34
闫正和,石军太,秦峰,等.水驱气藏动态储量和水侵量计算新方法[J].中国海上油气,2021,33(1):93-103.YAN Zhenghe,SHI Juntai,QIN Feng,et al.A new method for calculating dynamic reserves and water influx of water drive gas reservoirs [J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2021,33(1):93-103.
目录contents

    摘要

    平均地层压力作为油气藏开发的一项重要指标,是油气藏产能分析与动态评价的基础,反映了油气藏开发过程中的动态特征。常规关井测量平均地层压力的方式会影响生产,且效率较低,因此,如何方便快捷地获取油藏随生产变化的平均地层压力对于整个油藏来说具有十分重要的意义。由于气顶底水油藏底部与强水体相连,常规计算平均地层压力的方法没有考虑到水侵量的侵入,因此该方法对于气顶底水油藏来说不再适用。考虑到气顶底水油藏的特点,研究提出一种新的水侵量计算方法,即拟合亏空体积法预测水侵量,并将其与物质平衡法相结合,建立平均地层压力的函数,通过求解此函数,获取生产过程中的平均地层压力。与数值模拟结果对比表明:该方法计算所得平均地层压力与数值模拟之间相对偏差较小,仅为0.054%。该方法无需关井,不影响生产,仅需要较容易获取的动静态资料,便于应用且准确性较高,能够经济高效地获取平均地层压力,根据平均地层压力可以计算出油藏的驱动指数以及分相采出程度,为油藏后续的开发提供重要依据。

    Abstract

    The average formation pressure is a significant indicator of reservoir development and the foundation for reservoir capaci‐ ty analysis and dynamic evaluation, which reflects the dynamic aspects of the reservoir development process. However, the conven‐ tional shut-in method of measuring the average formation pressure affects production and is inefficient. Therefore, how to obtain the average formation pressure changing with the reservoir production conveniently and quickly is of great significance for the whole reservoir. The conventional method of calculating the average formation pressure does not consider the water influx because the res‐ ervoir bottoms with both gas cap and bottom water are connected to the strong water body. Thus, this method is no longer suitable for the reservoirs with gas cap and bottom water. Considering the characteristics of the reservoirs with gas cap and bottom water, this study proposes a new water influx calculation method, namely the fitting deficit volume method to predict water intrusion, which is combined with the material balance method and the function of average formation pressure is established. By solving this function, the average formation pressure in the production process can be obtained. The comparison with the numerical simulation results shows that the relative deviation between the average formation pressure calculated by this method and the numerical simula‐ tion is small, only 0.054%. The findings demonstrate that the method does not require a shut-in of the wells, has no effects on pro‐ duction, and just calls for readily available dynamic and static information. It is simple to use and has a high degree of accuracy. It can be concluded that the method can obtain the average formation pressure economically and efficiently. Based on the average for‐ mation pressure, the drive index of the reservoir and the phase recovery can be calculated, which provides an important basis for the subsequent development of the reservoir.

  • 平均地层压力作为油气藏生产过程中的重要指标,是动态分析与产能评价[1-4] 的基础,也是动态预测以及储量计算的重要参数[5]。诸多学者相继提出了关于计算平均地层压力[6-8] 的方法,包括胡氏法[9]、MBH 法[10]、气井点压计算[11] 和压力分布积分法[12-13] 等,这些方法大多通过压力恢复试井来获得油气藏的平均地层压力[14-19],但用此类方法需要关井测试,测试周期较长,对于正常生产的油气藏来说会造成一定的经济损失,且测量数据获取较为困难。因此,如何在不关井[20] 的前提下,利用相对容易获取的生产动态数据计算平均地层压力就显得尤为重要。

  • 近年来,相继有学者提出利用物质平衡方程结合生产动态数据来计算平均地层压力。2007年,张继成等针对压力处于平衡状态的气藏利用累积产气量计算地层压力,忽略溶于孔隙间水中气体的释放量[21]。2008年,王焰东等在张继成算法的基础上进行改进,通过偏差因子与地层压力的关系,利用累积动态数据,得到任意时刻气藏地层压力[22]。 2009 年,王富平等经过实例验证得出,运用物质平衡方程求解平均地层压力的方法误差最小,可以优先选择[23]。2012年,吴克柳等对水驱凝析气藏的地层压力计算进行了研究,建立了考虑多种因素的物质平衡方程[24],该方法需要通过实验来测定地层凝析气中的含水量,过程相对复杂。2015 年,杨永庆结合物质平衡以及渗流机理,提出在不关井的前提下利用生产动态数据计算平均地层压力,计算结果较为精确[25],但该方法没有考虑水体、孔隙体积及束缚水体积膨胀情况。2016年,蒋艳芳提出用生产数据计算气田地层压力[26],该方法以定容气藏物质平衡方程为基础,利用累积产气量计算地层压力,计算结果可靠,具有可行性。2019 年,陶永富等基于物质平衡原理求解油藏地层压力[27],该方法存在一定的局限性,它不适用于边底水活跃且体积不明的油藏以及容易出现溶解气驱的具有饱和压力的油藏。2019年,尹洪军等根据物质平衡原理建立考虑注采强度影响的复合油藏拟稳态数学模型,给出平均地层压力计算方法[28],该方法难以获取计算数据。 2021年,张磊等提出气藏平均地层压力跟踪计算新方法[29],该方法利用生产数据迭代计算平均地层压力,误差小,精度高,但忽略了水侵情况。2022 年,武男等将累积产气量代入相应的物质平衡方程,评价地层压力[30],该方法适用于气藏,且需要精确的测压数据,应用条件相对局限。

  • 虽然物质平衡在计算平均地层压力时被广泛应用,但应用于封闭或者弱水体的油藏以及气藏偏多,大多不适用于外部与强水体相连且带有气顶的综合性油藏。在前人研究的基础之上,首次提出将预测水侵量与物质平衡方程相结合,建立关于平均地层压力的隐式表达式,并通过试算法求解,从而获取生产过程中的平均地层压力。

  • 1 平均地层压力与物质平衡方程的关系

  • 1.1 物质平衡方程

  • 气顶底水油藏的基本特征是在一个油藏内同时存在着油区和气区,上部为气区,下部为油区,且外部与水体相连,这些气态以及流体在成藏过程中处于一种动力学、热力学和流体相态平衡的状态[31]。气顶底水油藏作为一种特殊的油藏,经过多年探讨与实践,在不同的油田获得了不同的开采效果。这类油藏在开发过程中,要考虑到油水界面以及气油界面的相对稳定,避免出现边水突进、底水锥进等不利因素[32]。考虑到气顶底水油藏存在的情况以及水侵量的变化,建立了相应的物质平衡方程,并给出求解方法。开发前后流体分布如图1所示。

  • 油藏开发一段时间后,油藏的压力会随着开采时间的增加逐渐降低。在这个过程中,孔隙体积减小,束缚水体积膨胀,油藏的存气量以及存水量等因素都会导致油藏的容积减小。由图2可见开发前后油藏中各属性的动态变化。

  • 图1 气顶底水油藏开发前后流体分布示意

  • Fig.1 Illustration of fluid distribution before and after devel‐ opment of gas cap and bottom water reservoir

  • 图2 开发前后油藏容积变化

  • Fig.2 Change in reservoir volume before and after development

  • 在油藏开发过程中,原油溶解气的脱出和气顶的膨胀,使得油藏中存在一部分的气量。油藏存气量计算公式为:

  • ΔVg=mNBoiBgBgi-1+NRsi-RsBg-NpRp-RsBg
    (1)
  • (1)式中,等号右边第一项表示气顶气的膨胀量;第二项表示原油脱出气量的地下体积;第三项表示油藏产出的自由气量的地下体积。

  • 考虑到所研究油藏的特点,当地层压力下降到 p时油藏容积为:

  • Vc=NBoi-(1+m)NBoicpΔp1-Swc-(1+m)NBoiSwccwΔp1-Swc-mNBoiBgBgi-1-NRsi-RsBg+NpRp-RsBg-We+WpBw
    (2)
  • (2)式中,等号右边第一项表示原油的地下体积;第二项表示油藏孔隙体积的减小量;第三项表示束缚水体积的膨胀量;第四项表示气顶气的膨胀量。

  • 该油藏在采出一定体积的原油之后,油藏的压力从原始地层压力下降到目前地层压力,这时油藏中剩余的油量仍然充满整个油藏容积。由物质平衡理论可知:油藏原始地质储量为油藏累积产油量和油藏剩余油量之和。该气顶底水油藏的物质平衡方程为:

  • NpBo+Rp-RsBg=NBoiBo-BoiBoi+(1+m)cpΔp1-Swc+(1+m)SwccwΔp1-Swc+mBgBgi-1+Rsi-RsBgBoi+We-WpBw
    (3)
  • (3)式可线性化为:

  • NpBo+Rp-RsBg=NBoiBo-Boi+Rsi-RsBgBoiΔp+mBg-BgiBgiΔp+(1+m)Swccw+cp1-SweΔp+We-WpBw
    (4)
  • 其中,原油的两相体积压缩系数为:

  • co=Bo-Boi+Rsi-RsBgBoiΔp=Bt-BtiBtiΔp
    (5)
  • 气体的压缩系数为:

  • cg=Bg-BgiBgiΔp
    (6)
  • 油藏容积的压缩系数为:

  • cc=Swccw+cp1-Swc
    (7)
  • 由各项压缩系数可得线性化的方程,将(4)式简化为:

  • NBoi(1+m)ccpi-p+Bt-Bti+mBoiBg-Bgi/Bgi+We=NpBo+Rp-RsBg+WpBw
    (8)
  • 该物质平衡方程由李传亮的综合油藏物质平衡关系式[33] 结合本次所研究目标油藏的特点推导所得。

  • 1.2 平均地层压力的计算

  • 考虑到油藏有底水存在,根据物质平衡方程,首先提出一种新方法求解出水侵量,通过水侵量再建立关于地层压力的函数,然后利用试算法进行求解。计算过程如下。

  • 定义地层能量损失的表达式为:

  • X=Boi(1+m)ccpi-p+Bt-Bti+mBoiBg-Bgi/Bgi
    (9)
  • 气顶油藏不考虑水侵的亏空体积等于油藏地质储量与地层能量损失的乘积:

  • Vv=NX
    (10)
  • 气顶油藏考虑水侵的亏空体积为:

  • Vve=NpBo+Rp-RsBg+WpBw
    (11)
  • 将(9)—(11)式代入(8)式可知,利用亏空体积法计算水侵量时,水侵量为考虑水侵的亏空体积与不考虑水侵的亏空体积的差值,其表达式为:

  • We=Vve-Vv
    (12)
  • 其计算结果如图3所示。

  • 图3 亏空体积法水侵量计算结果

  • Fig.3 Calculation results of water influx by deficit volume method

  • 利用亏空体积法计算水侵量,只能计算有测压点的水侵量,对于未知地层压力的点,则不适用。因此,为了求解水侵量需要引进一种新的方法。

  • 2021年,闫正和等提出关于水驱气藏计算水侵量的新方法,该方法指出在水侵过程中压降是个动态的过程,水体波及体积呈现幂函数的特征,随着累积产气量的增大,水体波及体积也随之增大[34]。在累积产气量为 0时,水体波及体积也为 0。因此,根据水体波及体积的特点,利用累积产气量推导计算水侵量。在实际开采过程中,若油藏带有气顶,同时又有水体相连,油藏的开采就会变得十分复杂。因此,提出适用于气顶底水油藏水侵量的计算方法,考虑了带有气顶、油环且含有底水的综合性问题,通过调整参数拟合亏空体积法预测水侵量。该方法用于预测未测压时刻油藏的水侵量,不仅适用于外部与强水体相连且带有气顶的油藏,同时也考虑了溶解气、水体大小等各种因素,相较闫正和等的方法综合性更强,适用范围更广。若不考虑气顶,或不考虑油环,改变水体大小、位置等假设条件,该计算方法同样适用。该方法的表达式为:

  • We2=Vvebapi-p
    (13)
  • 通过调整 a b 的值,拟合 We We2 两个水侵量,直到达到最优拟合效果,确定 ab 的值,得到关于 We2We和压力的关系式,这种优化方法被称为水侵常数优化拟合法,采用该方法有效地解决了气顶底水油藏线性物质平衡方程中存在的未知数求解问题,该关系式仅需要动态生产数据即可求得水侵量。

  • 为了计算未测压时刻的平均地层压力,首次提出利用预测水侵量与物质平衡水侵量相结合建立关于平均地层压力的函数,从而计算气顶底水油藏的平均地层压力。将(13)式代入(8)式可得一种新的计算平均地层压力的方法,其表达式为:

  • NBt-Bti+NmBoiBg-BgiBgi+Vvebapi-p-WpBw+NBoi(1+m)ccpi-p=NpBo+Rp-RsBg
    (14)
  • 将(14)式转化为关于平均地层压力p的函数:

  • f(p)=NBt-Bti+NmBoiBg-BgiBgi+Vvebapi-p-WpBw+NBoi(1+m)ccpi-p-NpBo+Rp-RsBg=0
    (15)
  • (15)式中大部分参数都是地层压力的隐函数,少数是已知量,只需要解关于p的方程即可。

  • 1.3 求解过程

  • 通过所提出的方法,可以经济高效地计算平均地层压力,计算流程如图4所示。

  • 图4 平均地层压力计算流程

  • Fig.4 Average formation pressure calculation

  • 详细步骤如下:①根据气顶底水油藏的特点,建立相应的物质平衡方程;②将所建立的物质平衡方程转化为亏空体积法,利用该方法,计算已测量地层压力时刻的水侵量;③利用亏空体积法计算的水侵量,通过调整新提出的水侵量计算方法的 ab值,完成水侵量的拟合,获取调整完毕的 ab值;④利用新提出的水侵量计算方法与气顶底水油藏的物质平衡方程相结合,建立关于平均地层压力 p 的函数;⑤通过试算法,对建立的关于平均地层压力p的函数进行求解,获取未测压时刻的平均地层压力p

  • 2 实例验证

  • 根据实际油藏物性特征,建立气顶底水油藏的机理模型,如图5所示,模拟计算平均地层压力。该模型网格大小为26×13×14。

  • 图5 机理模型

  • Fig.5 Mechanistic model

  • 使用 tNavigator数值模拟软件,进行模拟计算,模型验证条件如表1所示。

  • 该气顶油藏在开发的过程中,压力会逐渐降低,开采年限为 10 a,早期对该油藏气顶、油藏的底层流体进行 PVT取样及实验分析,经过数据回归可以得到地层原油体积系数、溶解气油比、偏差因子与平均地层压力之间的关系式。

  • 地层原油体积系数与平均地层压力之间的回归关系式为:

  • B0=-0.0006p2+0.0305p+1.0948
    (16)
  • 溶解气油比与平均地层之间的回归关系式为:

  • 表1 模型验证条件

  • Table1 Model validation conditions

  • Rs=-0.0171p2+6.5389p-1.0668
    (17)
  • 偏差因子与平均地层压力压力之间的回归关系式为:

  • Z=0.0005p2-0.014p+1.0266
    (18)
  • 两相体积系数为:

  • Bt=Bo+Rsi-RsBg
    (19)
  • 气体体积系数为:

  • Bg=3.447×10-4ZTp
    (20)
  • 利用 tNavigator对气顶底水油藏数值模拟机理模型进行模拟计算,输出压力、累积产气量、累积产水量、累积产油量等部分动态生产数据(表2)。

  • 为了符合生产实际情况,选取部分生产点(作为具有测量地层压力的时刻),利用油藏生产动态数据,进行水侵量计算模拟,将物质平衡方程水侵量与新方法计算的水侵量进行拟合,结果如图6 所示,以 45°刻度线为拟合标准,数据点落在 45°刻度线上说明物质平衡水侵量与拟合水侵量相等。由图6可以看出物质平衡水侵量与拟合水侵量几乎完全一致,从而可以确定ab的值。

  • 表2 气顶底水油藏基本生产数据

  • Table2 Basic production data of gas cap and bottom water reservoir

  • 根据水侵量拟合求得ab的值,将其代入(15) 式中,可以计算出平均地层压力(图7)。平均地层压力计算值与模拟值对比结果表明,平均相对误差较小,约为0.054%,说明所提出方法较准确,对于后续的产能评价、驱动指数以及分相采出程度的计算具有很好的应用价值。

  • 图6 水侵量拟合示意

  • Fig.6 Water influx fitting

  • 图7 平均地层压力拟合结果

  • Fig.7 Average formation pressure fitting

  • 3 结论

  • 提出一种计算气顶底水油藏平均地层压力的新方法,将所提出的水侵量计算方法与气顶底水油藏物质平衡方程相结合,建立关于平均地层压力的函数方程,采用试算法求解此方程,得到油藏生产过程中任意时刻的平均地层压力。所提出的通过预测水侵量计算平均地层压力的方法,综合性强,无需关井,所需参数较少,便于应用且准确性较高。

  • 利用新方法计算所得平均地层压力与数值模型模拟结果之间误差较小,说明所提出的计算平均地层压力方法准确,具备应用价值。对于产能评价、驱动指数分析以及分相采出程度的计算具有重要意义。

  • 符号解释

  • ab——拟合参数;

  • Bg——气体的体积系数,m3/m3

  • Bgi ——原始地层条件下天然气体积系数,m3/m3

  • Bo——原油的体积系数,m3/m3

  • Boi ——原始地层条件下原油的体积系数,m3/m3

  • Bt ——两相体积系数,m3/m3

  • Bti ——原始地层条件下两相体积系数,m3/m3

  • Bw——地层水的体积系数,m3/m3

  • cc——油藏容积的压缩系数,MPa-1

  • cg——气体的压缩系数,MPa-1

  • co——原油的两相体积压缩系数,MPa-1

  • cp——岩石的压缩系数,MPa-1

  • cw——地层水的压缩系数,MPa-1

  • m——气顶指数;

  • N——油藏地质储量,m3

  • Np——油藏的累积产油量,m3

  • p——目前地层压力,MPa;

  • pi ——原始地层压力,MPa;

  • Δp——油藏压降,其值为原始地层压力与目前压力之差,MPa;

  • Rp——生产气油比,m3/m3

  • Rs——溶解气油比,m3/m3

  • Rsi ——原始条件下溶解气油比,m3/m3

  • Swc——油藏的束缚水饱和度;

  • T—— 油藏温度,K;

  • Vb——油藏容积,m3

  • Vc——目前油藏的储油体积,m3

  • Vci ——原始条件下油藏的储油体积,m3

  • Vgci ——气顶气的地下体积,m3

  • ΔVg——油藏存气量,m3

  • Vp——油藏孔隙体积,m3

  • ΔVp——油藏孔隙体积的减小量,m3

  • Vs——原油在地面脱气后的体积,m3

  • ΔVs——脱气原油体积的减小量,m3

  • Vv——气顶油藏不考虑水侵的亏空体积,m3

  • Vve——气顶油藏考虑水侵的亏空体积,m3

  • Vwc——束缚水体积,m3

  • ΔVwc——束缚水体积的膨胀量,m3

  • W——油藏存水量,m3

  • We ——物质平衡计算的水侵量,m3;

  • We2 ——拟合水侵量,m3;

  • Wp ——产水量,m3;

  • Wp Bw ——累积产水量,m3;

  • X ——地层能量损失;

  • Z ——偏差因子。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] 曹炜,鲜成钢,吴宝成,等.玛湖致密砾岩油藏水平井生产动态分析及产能预测——以玛131小井距立体开发平台为例[J].新疆石油地质,2022,43(4):440-449.CAO Wei,XIAN Chenggang,WU Baocheng,et al.Production performance analysis and productivity prediction of horizontal wells in Mahu tight conglomerate reservoirs:A case of Ma 131 dense?spacing 3D development pad [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2022,43(4):440-449.

    • [2] 蔡珺君,李小刚,朱文涛,等.整合测井资料的碳酸盐岩气田 “一点法”产能评价方法[J].断块油气田,2023,30(2):301-307.CAI Junjun,LI Xiaogang,ZHU Wentao,et al.“One point method” productivity evaluation method in carbonate gas field by integrating logging data [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2023,30(2):301-307.

    • [3] 李东晖,田玲钰,聂海宽,等.基于模糊层次分析法的页岩气井产能影响因素分析及综合评价模型——以四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田为例[J].油气藏评价与开发,2022,12(3):417-428,454.LI Donghui,TIAN Lingyu,NIE Haikuan,et al.Factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation model of shale gas well productivity based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process:Taking Jiaoshiba shale gas field in Sichuan Basin as an example [J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2022,12(3):417-428,454.

    • [4] 马亮亮.非均质致密油藏压裂水平井产能预测模型[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2022,41(4):168-174.MA Liangliang.Productivity prediction model for fractured horizontal well in heterogeneous tight oil reservoirs [J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2022,41(4):168-174.

    • [5] YU Shaoyong,刘玉慧.页岩及致密地层油气井的生产特征及可采储量计算方法[J].油气藏评价与开发,2021,11(2):12-19.YU Shaoyong,LIU Yuhui.Production performance and EUR forecast of wells producing from tight/shale reservoirs [J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2021,11(2):12-19.

    • [6] 孙波,王汉鹏,李波,等.杏北开发区二次加密采油井平均地层压力计算方法研究[J].油气井测试,2000,9(1):12-15.SUN Bo,WANG Hanpeng,LI Bo,et al.Average formation pressure of secondary encrypted oil recovery wells in Xingbei development zone calculation method study [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2000,9(1):12-15.

    • [7] 赵梓瑜.F 油田密井网试井理论及平均地层压力计算方法研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2018.ZHAO Ziyu.Well test theory and the average formation pressure calculation method of dense well pattern in F Oilfield [D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2018.

    • [8] 王绍平,廖新维,戴勇,等.砾岩油藏平均地层压力计算方法研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,35(20):4-6.WANG Shaoping,LIAO Xinwei,DAI Yong,et al.Research on the calculation method of average formation pressure in conglomerate reservoir [J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2009,35(20):4-6.

    • [9] 胡建国.确定低渗透油藏生产井平均地层压力的简便方法[J].中国海上油气:地质,1994,8(1):57-61.HU Jianguo.A simple method to determine the average formation pressure of production wells in low permeability reservoirs [J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Geology,1994,8(1):57-61.

    • [10] 张静静.地层平均压力计算方法研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.ZHANG Jingjing.The research of calculation methods for determination of average reservoir pressure [D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015.

    • [11] 匡建超,史乃光.利用气井点压计算平均地层压力[J].油气井测试,1989,(3):1-5.KUANG Jianchao,SHI Naiguang.Calculation of average formation pressure using gas well point pressure [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,1989,(3):1-5.

    • [12] 卢德唐,孔祥言.利用压力分布积分计算平均地层压力[J].石油学报,1993,14(1):81-91.LU Detang,KONG Xiangyan.Calculation of average formation pressure using pressure distribution integral [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(1):81-91.

    • [13] 李培超,孔祥言,卢德唐.利用拟压力分布积分方法计算气藏平均地层压力[J].天然气工业,2000,20(3):67-69.LI Peichao,KONG Xiangyan,LU Detang.Calculation of average formation pressure in gas reservoirs using the proposed pressure distribution integral method [J].Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(3):67-69.

    • [14] 谢晶,罗沛,杨云,等.东坪基岩气藏压力恢复试井曲线特征识别及解释研究[J].非常规油气,2020,7(3):90-95.XIE Jing,LUO Pei,YANG Yun,et al.Study on identification of pressure transient characteristics and well test interpretation of Dongping bedrock gas reservoir [J].Unconventional Oil & Gas,2020,7(3):90-95.

    • [15] 陈进娥,何顺利,门成全.靖边气田地层压力评价方法适用性研究[J].油气藏评价与开发,2013,3(1):27-30,35.CHEN Jine,HE Shunli,MEN Chengquan.Applicability research of formation pressure evaluation method in Jingbian gas field [J].Oil and Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2013,3(1):27-30,35.

    • [16] 刘志军,许黎明,黄有根,等.低渗透气井短期关井计算地层压力[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(6):159-163,169.LIU Zhijun,XU Liming,HUANG Yougen,et al.Short-term shut-in of low-permeability gas wells to calculate formation pressure [J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(6):159-163,169.

    • [17] 蒋益宛,顾宝江,严玉华,等.利用短期关井压力数据确定地层压力[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(2):55-57,84.JIANG Yiwan,GU Baojiang,YAN Yuhua,et al.Short-term shut-in pressure data is used to determine the formation pressure [J].Oil Drilling Technology,2002,24(2):55-57,84.

    • [18] 关利军,李建周,杨少坤,等.利用回压试井资料确定气井生产期间井底流动压力的方法[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(1):104-106,110.GUAN Lijun,LI Jianzhou,YANG Shaokun,et al.A method for determining bottomhole flow pressure during gas well production using back pressure test data [J].Journal of Petroleum and Natural Gas,2012,34(1):104-106,110.

    • [19] 马水龙,尹洪军,吴世旗.用压力恢复曲线计算油藏平均压力的新方法[J].油气井测试,2002,11(2):7-9.MA Shuilong,YIN Hongjun,WU Shiqi.A new method for calculating average reservoir pressure using pressure recovery curve [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2002,11(2):7-9.

    • [20] 周继德,韩江国,卢祥国.对不关井测算地层压力方法的认识 [J].油气井测试,1994,3(3):51-55.ZHOU Jide,HAN Jiangguo,LU Xiangguo.Awareness of the method of measuring formation pressure without shutting down wells [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,1994,3(3):51-55.

    • [21] 张继成,高艳,宋考平.利用产量数据计算封闭气藏地层压力的方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(1):35-37.ZHANG Jicheng,GAO Yan,SONG Kaoping.A method for calculating formation pressure in closed gas reservoirs using production data [J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(1):35-37.

    • [22] 王焰东,陈明强,曹宝格,等.一种求解定容封闭气藏任意时刻地层压力的实用方法[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(5):40-42.WANG Yandong,CHEN Mingqiang,CAO Baoge,et al.Practical method for solving the formation pressure of a closed constant-volume gas reservoir at any time [J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2008,23(5):40-42.

    • [23] 王富平,黄全华,杨海波,等.利用生产数据计算气井地层压力方法优选[J].断块油气田,2009,16(1):66-68.WANG Fuping,HUANG Quanhua,YANG Haibo,et al.Method optimizing of using production data to calculate formational pressure of gas well [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2009,16(1):66-68.

    • [24] 吴克柳,李相方,石军太,等.水驱凝析气藏地层压力计算方法 [J].石油学报,2012,33(2):278-283.WU Keliu,LI Xiangfang,SHI Juntai,et al.A computational method for reservoir pressure of water-drive condensate gas reservoir [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):278-283.

    • [25] 杨永庆.基于流动物质平衡原理计算气藏平均地层压力[J].断块油气田,2015,22(6):747-751.YANG Yongqing.Calculation of average reservoir pressure by using modified flowing material balance [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2015,22(6):747-751.

    • [26] 蒋艳芳.利用生产数据计算大牛地气田地层压力可行性分析 [J].重庆科技学院学报:自然科学版,2016,18(3):30-33.JIANG Yanfang.Feasibility analysis of using production data to calculate formation pressure in Daniudi gas field [J].Journal of Chongqing Institute of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2016,18(3):30-33.

    • [27] 陶永富,许瑞,乔梁,等.应用物质平衡法评价鸭儿峡M油藏地层压力[J].油气井测试,2019,28(1):72-78.TAO Yongfu,XU Rui,QIAO Liang,et al.Evaluation of formation pressure in M reservoir of Yaerxia Oilfield by material balance method [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2019,28(1):72-78.

    • [28] 尹洪军,文刚,邢翠巧,等.多井系统复合油藏平均地层压力计算方法研究[J].特种油气藏,2019,26(4):76-80.YIN Hongjun,WEN Gang,XING Cuiqiao,et al.Average formation pressure calculation for the composite oil reservoir with multi-well system [J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2019,26(4):76-80.

    • [29] 张磊,王永科,倪军,等.气藏平均地层压力跟踪计算新方法[J].石油学报,2021,42(4):492-499,522.ZHANG Lei,WANG Yongke,NI Jun,et al.A new method for tracking and calculating average formation pressure of gas reservoirs [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2021,42(4):492-499,522.

    • [30] 武男,石石,郑世琪,等.基于物质平衡反演法的致密砂岩气藏地层压力计算[J].煤田地质与勘探,2022,50(9):115-121.WU Nan,SHI Shi,ZHENG Shiqi,et al.Formation pressure calculation of tight sandstone gas reservoir based on material balance inversion method [J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2022,50(9):115-121.

    • [31] 焦红梅,孙维,孙依依.国内气顶油藏开发实践及开发程序探讨[J].石化技术,2020,27(2):96-99.JIAO Hongmei,SUN Wei,SUN Yiyi.Development practices and procedures of gas cap reservoirs in China [J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2020,27(2):96-99.

    • [32] 王冠群.S 气顶油藏注气开发方案设计研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2018.WANG Guanqun.Research on gas injection development plan for S gas cap reservoir [D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2018.

    • [33] 李传亮.油藏工程原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.LI Chuanliang.Principles of reservoir engineering [M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.

    • [34] 闫正和,石军太,秦峰,等.水驱气藏动态储量和水侵量计算新方法[J].中国海上油气,2021,33(1):93-103.YAN Zhenghe,SHI Juntai,QIN Feng,et al.A new method for calculating dynamic reserves and water influx of water drive gas reservoirs [J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2021,33(1):93-103.

  • 参考文献

    • [1] 曹炜,鲜成钢,吴宝成,等.玛湖致密砾岩油藏水平井生产动态分析及产能预测——以玛131小井距立体开发平台为例[J].新疆石油地质,2022,43(4):440-449.CAO Wei,XIAN Chenggang,WU Baocheng,et al.Production performance analysis and productivity prediction of horizontal wells in Mahu tight conglomerate reservoirs:A case of Ma 131 dense?spacing 3D development pad [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2022,43(4):440-449.

    • [2] 蔡珺君,李小刚,朱文涛,等.整合测井资料的碳酸盐岩气田 “一点法”产能评价方法[J].断块油气田,2023,30(2):301-307.CAI Junjun,LI Xiaogang,ZHU Wentao,et al.“One point method” productivity evaluation method in carbonate gas field by integrating logging data [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2023,30(2):301-307.

    • [3] 李东晖,田玲钰,聂海宽,等.基于模糊层次分析法的页岩气井产能影响因素分析及综合评价模型——以四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田为例[J].油气藏评价与开发,2022,12(3):417-428,454.LI Donghui,TIAN Lingyu,NIE Haikuan,et al.Factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation model of shale gas well productivity based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process:Taking Jiaoshiba shale gas field in Sichuan Basin as an example [J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2022,12(3):417-428,454.

    • [4] 马亮亮.非均质致密油藏压裂水平井产能预测模型[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2022,41(4):168-174.MA Liangliang.Productivity prediction model for fractured horizontal well in heterogeneous tight oil reservoirs [J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2022,41(4):168-174.

    • [5] YU Shaoyong,刘玉慧.页岩及致密地层油气井的生产特征及可采储量计算方法[J].油气藏评价与开发,2021,11(2):12-19.YU Shaoyong,LIU Yuhui.Production performance and EUR forecast of wells producing from tight/shale reservoirs [J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2021,11(2):12-19.

    • [6] 孙波,王汉鹏,李波,等.杏北开发区二次加密采油井平均地层压力计算方法研究[J].油气井测试,2000,9(1):12-15.SUN Bo,WANG Hanpeng,LI Bo,et al.Average formation pressure of secondary encrypted oil recovery wells in Xingbei development zone calculation method study [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2000,9(1):12-15.

    • [7] 赵梓瑜.F 油田密井网试井理论及平均地层压力计算方法研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2018.ZHAO Ziyu.Well test theory and the average formation pressure calculation method of dense well pattern in F Oilfield [D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2018.

    • [8] 王绍平,廖新维,戴勇,等.砾岩油藏平均地层压力计算方法研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,35(20):4-6.WANG Shaoping,LIAO Xinwei,DAI Yong,et al.Research on the calculation method of average formation pressure in conglomerate reservoir [J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2009,35(20):4-6.

    • [9] 胡建国.确定低渗透油藏生产井平均地层压力的简便方法[J].中国海上油气:地质,1994,8(1):57-61.HU Jianguo.A simple method to determine the average formation pressure of production wells in low permeability reservoirs [J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Geology,1994,8(1):57-61.

    • [10] 张静静.地层平均压力计算方法研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.ZHANG Jingjing.The research of calculation methods for determination of average reservoir pressure [D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015.

    • [11] 匡建超,史乃光.利用气井点压计算平均地层压力[J].油气井测试,1989,(3):1-5.KUANG Jianchao,SHI Naiguang.Calculation of average formation pressure using gas well point pressure [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,1989,(3):1-5.

    • [12] 卢德唐,孔祥言.利用压力分布积分计算平均地层压力[J].石油学报,1993,14(1):81-91.LU Detang,KONG Xiangyan.Calculation of average formation pressure using pressure distribution integral [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(1):81-91.

    • [13] 李培超,孔祥言,卢德唐.利用拟压力分布积分方法计算气藏平均地层压力[J].天然气工业,2000,20(3):67-69.LI Peichao,KONG Xiangyan,LU Detang.Calculation of average formation pressure in gas reservoirs using the proposed pressure distribution integral method [J].Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(3):67-69.

    • [14] 谢晶,罗沛,杨云,等.东坪基岩气藏压力恢复试井曲线特征识别及解释研究[J].非常规油气,2020,7(3):90-95.XIE Jing,LUO Pei,YANG Yun,et al.Study on identification of pressure transient characteristics and well test interpretation of Dongping bedrock gas reservoir [J].Unconventional Oil & Gas,2020,7(3):90-95.

    • [15] 陈进娥,何顺利,门成全.靖边气田地层压力评价方法适用性研究[J].油气藏评价与开发,2013,3(1):27-30,35.CHEN Jine,HE Shunli,MEN Chengquan.Applicability research of formation pressure evaluation method in Jingbian gas field [J].Oil and Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2013,3(1):27-30,35.

    • [16] 刘志军,许黎明,黄有根,等.低渗透气井短期关井计算地层压力[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(6):159-163,169.LIU Zhijun,XU Liming,HUANG Yougen,et al.Short-term shut-in of low-permeability gas wells to calculate formation pressure [J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(6):159-163,169.

    • [17] 蒋益宛,顾宝江,严玉华,等.利用短期关井压力数据确定地层压力[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(2):55-57,84.JIANG Yiwan,GU Baojiang,YAN Yuhua,et al.Short-term shut-in pressure data is used to determine the formation pressure [J].Oil Drilling Technology,2002,24(2):55-57,84.

    • [18] 关利军,李建周,杨少坤,等.利用回压试井资料确定气井生产期间井底流动压力的方法[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(1):104-106,110.GUAN Lijun,LI Jianzhou,YANG Shaokun,et al.A method for determining bottomhole flow pressure during gas well production using back pressure test data [J].Journal of Petroleum and Natural Gas,2012,34(1):104-106,110.

    • [19] 马水龙,尹洪军,吴世旗.用压力恢复曲线计算油藏平均压力的新方法[J].油气井测试,2002,11(2):7-9.MA Shuilong,YIN Hongjun,WU Shiqi.A new method for calculating average reservoir pressure using pressure recovery curve [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2002,11(2):7-9.

    • [20] 周继德,韩江国,卢祥国.对不关井测算地层压力方法的认识 [J].油气井测试,1994,3(3):51-55.ZHOU Jide,HAN Jiangguo,LU Xiangguo.Awareness of the method of measuring formation pressure without shutting down wells [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,1994,3(3):51-55.

    • [21] 张继成,高艳,宋考平.利用产量数据计算封闭气藏地层压力的方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(1):35-37.ZHANG Jicheng,GAO Yan,SONG Kaoping.A method for calculating formation pressure in closed gas reservoirs using production data [J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(1):35-37.

    • [22] 王焰东,陈明强,曹宝格,等.一种求解定容封闭气藏任意时刻地层压力的实用方法[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(5):40-42.WANG Yandong,CHEN Mingqiang,CAO Baoge,et al.Practical method for solving the formation pressure of a closed constant-volume gas reservoir at any time [J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2008,23(5):40-42.

    • [23] 王富平,黄全华,杨海波,等.利用生产数据计算气井地层压力方法优选[J].断块油气田,2009,16(1):66-68.WANG Fuping,HUANG Quanhua,YANG Haibo,et al.Method optimizing of using production data to calculate formational pressure of gas well [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2009,16(1):66-68.

    • [24] 吴克柳,李相方,石军太,等.水驱凝析气藏地层压力计算方法 [J].石油学报,2012,33(2):278-283.WU Keliu,LI Xiangfang,SHI Juntai,et al.A computational method for reservoir pressure of water-drive condensate gas reservoir [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):278-283.

    • [25] 杨永庆.基于流动物质平衡原理计算气藏平均地层压力[J].断块油气田,2015,22(6):747-751.YANG Yongqing.Calculation of average reservoir pressure by using modified flowing material balance [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2015,22(6):747-751.

    • [26] 蒋艳芳.利用生产数据计算大牛地气田地层压力可行性分析 [J].重庆科技学院学报:自然科学版,2016,18(3):30-33.JIANG Yanfang.Feasibility analysis of using production data to calculate formation pressure in Daniudi gas field [J].Journal of Chongqing Institute of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2016,18(3):30-33.

    • [27] 陶永富,许瑞,乔梁,等.应用物质平衡法评价鸭儿峡M油藏地层压力[J].油气井测试,2019,28(1):72-78.TAO Yongfu,XU Rui,QIAO Liang,et al.Evaluation of formation pressure in M reservoir of Yaerxia Oilfield by material balance method [J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,2019,28(1):72-78.

    • [28] 尹洪军,文刚,邢翠巧,等.多井系统复合油藏平均地层压力计算方法研究[J].特种油气藏,2019,26(4):76-80.YIN Hongjun,WEN Gang,XING Cuiqiao,et al.Average formation pressure calculation for the composite oil reservoir with multi-well system [J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2019,26(4):76-80.

    • [29] 张磊,王永科,倪军,等.气藏平均地层压力跟踪计算新方法[J].石油学报,2021,42(4):492-499,522.ZHANG Lei,WANG Yongke,NI Jun,et al.A new method for tracking and calculating average formation pressure of gas reservoirs [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2021,42(4):492-499,522.

    • [30] 武男,石石,郑世琪,等.基于物质平衡反演法的致密砂岩气藏地层压力计算[J].煤田地质与勘探,2022,50(9):115-121.WU Nan,SHI Shi,ZHENG Shiqi,et al.Formation pressure calculation of tight sandstone gas reservoir based on material balance inversion method [J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2022,50(9):115-121.

    • [31] 焦红梅,孙维,孙依依.国内气顶油藏开发实践及开发程序探讨[J].石化技术,2020,27(2):96-99.JIAO Hongmei,SUN Wei,SUN Yiyi.Development practices and procedures of gas cap reservoirs in China [J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2020,27(2):96-99.

    • [32] 王冠群.S 气顶油藏注气开发方案设计研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2018.WANG Guanqun.Research on gas injection development plan for S gas cap reservoir [D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2018.

    • [33] 李传亮.油藏工程原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.LI Chuanliang.Principles of reservoir engineering [M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.

    • [34] 闫正和,石军太,秦峰,等.水驱气藏动态储量和水侵量计算新方法[J].中国海上油气,2021,33(1):93-103.YAN Zhenghe,SHI Juntai,QIN Feng,et al.A new method for calculating dynamic reserves and water influx of water drive gas reservoirs [J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2021,33(1):93-103.