北美海相页岩油形成条件、富集特征与启示
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黎茂稳(1962—),男,湖北宜城人,教授,博士,从事石油地质方面的研究。联系电话:(010)82312932,E-mail:limw.syky@sinopec.com。

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国家科技重大专项“中国典型盆地陆相页岩油勘探开发选区与目标评价”(2017ZX05049-001),中国石油化工集团公司油气成藏重点实验室开放基金“富有机质页岩形成地质模式研究”(33550007-17-ZC0613-0041)。


Enlightenment from formation conditions and enrichment characteristics of marine shale oil in North America
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    摘要:

    北美海相页岩油气的成功开发为将中国陆相页岩油巨大资源潜力转化为现实产量带来了希望。目前全球范围内对页岩油的研究与探索尚处于起步阶段,对能否在页岩中实现原油规模化开采还远没有达成共识。北美海相层系页岩油勘探开发实践表明,稳定宽缓的构造环境是形成页岩油的有利背景,大面积分布的优质烃源岩是页岩油形成的资源基础,区域性致密顶底板控制页岩油的远景区分布,烃源岩热演化程度控制页岩油核心区分布,而地质和工程“甜点”控制页岩油的规模富集和高产稳产。与北美相比,中国地质构造演化稳定性较差,沉积盆地类型多、分割性和后期活动性强,发育淡水湖泊、混积湖泊与咸化湖泊等多种沉积体系,相变快、岩性复杂、储盖组合多样。烃源岩层系的非均质性、成岩改造作用、裂缝发育程度及其与致密顶底板的配置关系,控制中国陆相页岩油 “甜点”分布规律和富集高产能力。正确认识陆相页岩油资源潜力、找准页岩油富集的有利核心区、发展适应性高产稳产工程技术,是中国陆相页岩油取得突破的关键。

    Abstract:

    The successful development of marine shale oil and gas in North America brings great hope to the production of lacustrine shale oil in China with great potential. At present,the research and exploration of shale oil in the world is still in its infantry,and there is no consensus on the commercial production of crude oil from the shale. Practice of marine shale oil exploration and production in North America indicates that the stable and gentle tectonic setting is favorable for the enrichment of shale oil,the large-area distribution of high-quality organic rich source rocks is the resource basis for shale oil formation,the tight top/bottom formations control the distribution of shale oil prospect area,the thermal evolution of source rocks controls the distribution of shale oil core areas,while geological and engineering“sweet spots”control the largescale enrichment and stable production of shale oil. In contrast to the North American shale basins,Chinese lacustrine shale plays develop in less stable and relatively tectonically active basins. These sedimentary basins have many types being characterized by strong segmentation and strong activity. Additionally,there are many sedimentary systems such as freshwater,brackish and saline lakes,with significant variation in lithology and sedimentary facies both laterally and vertically,and with diverse reservoir-caprock association. The heterogeneity in the deposition,diagenesis and fracture development in both shale reservoir and its top and bottom seals determine the“sweet spots”and ultimate recoverable oil resources in the shale reservoir. Road map for the large scale development of shale oil resources in China includes three mportant points,a clear understanding of shale oil resource potential,an accurate estimation of core areas for shale oil enrichment,and a development of high adaptive and stable technology for shale oil production.

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黎茂稳,马晓潇,蒋启贵,李志明,庞雄奇,张采彤.北美海相页岩油形成条件、富集特征与启示[J].油气地质与采收率,2019,26(1):13~28

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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-04-02