The correlation between the sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) in oilfield produced water and some factors such as oil content or suspended solids is revealed through systematic analysis of the present of SRB of produced water in the oil production process. The presence of SRB is an inherent feature of the produced water. And, the concentration of SRB always keeps stable in the produced water of a certain reservoir, however, it will vary with each production process. The on-way deterioration of water and viscosity loss of polymer caused by SRB have become the major problems in the development of oilfield. Inhabitation of SRB through adding bactericide can only relieve the deterioration temporarily. For the future oilfield production, some technical ideas and control strategies to the SRB prevention are proposed, the first is to open the treatment systems of re-injected oilfield wastewater, and apply air flotation rather than bactericides as much as possible.