Through mathematical operation, elastic parameters such as velocity, density and Poisson ratio can be acquired from prestack seismic inversion. Based on the elastic parameters, medium characteristics that are concerned in the process of oil and gas exploration and development such as lithology, physical property and fluid can be identified, thus reservoir description accuracy can be greatly improved and ambiguity can be reduced. However, pre-stack seismic inversion technology has certain application conditions,and it has the adaptability to geology, seismic and logging data, and the application effect of the inversion results is affected by many factors. Therefore, based on the analysis of the advantages of pre-stack seismic inversion technology, application conditions of the technology were determined and the problems existing in the application were analyzed through synthetic data and practical seismic and logging data. Results show that pre-stack seismic inversion technology has the advantages of data diversity and the intrinsic advantages of the technology itself, and rich inversion result data can be obtained, but the application of this technology needs high quality seismic data, analysis of rock physical feasibility and reasonable pre-stack seismic inversion process control and achievements application. Currently, the difficult issues in the pre-stack seismic inversion technology are the ambiguity in the inversion results, the matching among a variety of data, the consistency between longitudinal and lateral resolution and the requirements of exploration and development, etc.