There is abundant natural gas resource in China with huge reserves and increasing production potential. In the next 5-10 years，conventional gas will be still in the dominant place of gas development. However，unconventional gas will play a more and more important role in the long-term process of natural gas development. At present，the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas is still at the starting stage in China. Ministry of Land and Resources and three Chinese state-owned oil companies have already started to make evaluations on unconventional gas resource of tight gas，CBM and shale gas in varying degrees. In 2012，the total Chinese tight gas resource proven reserves were 16×1012 m3，and the production was 320×108 m3/a. Tight gas development had entered the development stage of large commercialization. By the end of December 2011，CBM proven reserves were about 4 155×108 m3. The less reserves and production showed CBM was still in its early stage of industrialization and commercialization. Shale gas exploration is still at its initial stage since it has no proven reserves. Some research institutions have only evaluated shale gas initially in some areas and established demonstration areas in Sichuan to carry out practice research. Natural gas hydrates have also been paid more attention. The natural gas hydrates developing in South China Sea and the Qinghai-Tibet plateau have been prospected hierarchically according to different exploration degrees. In order to develop unconventional gas resources effectively，it is particularly important to carry out geological theory research and reserves assessment，integrate a series of engineering techniques which have been tested and demonstrated to solve properly the contradiction created between resource exploitation and environmental protection at the same time.