For the high temperature and high salinity reservoir condition in Xidaliya，surfactant system SA with low interfacial tension was selected and compound with the lab made microspheres Z10，both having good resistance to temperature and salt，in order to improve the development effect of Xidaliya oilfield by surfactant-microspheres displacement. The features of flooding pressure and resistance for the new surfactant-microspheres compound system were studied under high temperature and salinity condition. Physical simulation experiments of enhancing oil recovery using the compounded system displacement were carried out under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions respectively. The results show that the compound system has the best flooding performance with a good injection property and an effective plugging when the core permeability is from 200×10-3 to 1 000×10-3 μm2，and the injection pressure fluctuates drastically and regularly and the resistance coefficient can be as high as above 7. Contrast experiments of oil displacement between the compound system and the surfactant show that the former has an obvious effect of increasing oil and decreasing water，brings great improvement of recovery efficiency，and the total recovery is about 14% higher than using the surfactant alone. The microsphere and the surfactant exert good performance on“adjusting”and“washing”respectively. Besides，the compound system can change the distribution of fluids and pressure making the development of low permeability layer effectively，and has a good effect on enhancing oil recovery.