The traditional cleaning fracturing fluid，with high surfactant content，high cost and poor heat resistance，is hard to be applied widely. A novel cleaning fracturing fluid with supramolecular structure was developed with hydrophobic polymers and new surfactant by the principle of supramolecular chemistry. The new supramolecular fracturing fluid has less viscoelastic surfactant，low cost and improved heat resistance. Its formula was optimized. Its composition is 0.2% hydrophobic polymer PX-A and 0.5%viscoelastic surfactant J201. The formation mechanism of the supramolecular structure was analyzed. It is found that the surfactant and hydrophobic polymer group are mixed to form micelles. With increasing of the micelles，the micelles have more dense structure，increased strength and tangle with each other forming a bridge，which result in the formation of three-dimensional network structure and the rapid increase of solution viscosity. The performance evaluation results show that the new supramolecular fracturing fluid has good temperature and shear resistance. It can be resistant to 130 ℃ high temperature，and its storage modulus is higher than its loss modulus in general. It also has good viscoelasticity，low friction，good sand-carrying capacity，no residue and low damage. Its composition is simple，so it is easy to be prepared. Field test results show that the tested gas production of Well Sudong38-64C4 is 10×104 m3/d after using the novel supramolecular fracturing fluid，which is 2 times than that of the adjacent wells fractured by guar gum fracturing fluid. The cost is saved by 25%. It has been applied in 4 wells of Changqing oilfield，and the effect is good.