The nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foam flooding is a new technique in enhanced oil recovery（EOR），and it is still at the laboratory research stage. In this study，the research background，mechanisms，performance evaluations，and oil displacement efficiency of the nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foam flooding are reviewed. The results show that nanoparticles would synergize with certain surfactant molecules to inhibit CO2 bubble burst，coalescence and disproportionation，to prolong liquid film discharge time，and to delay internal foam rupture speed，which could improve the stability of CO2 foam system during the oil displacement. The half-life of combined system of nanoparticle and surfactant is over 2.5 times than that of single surfactant system. The oil recovery of the combined system after changing the surface properties could be increased by 7%-10%，with a maximum up to 30%. However，the excessive amounts of nanoparticles would also lead to the increase of surface tension of CO2 foam system，and resulting in the poor foaming property，the decrease of foaming volume and the swept volume. Different kinds of nanoparticles would have different synergistic effects on surfactants. Therefore，the screening and evaluation of the combined system of nanoparticle and surfactant is the key to the nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foam flooding.