In order to further improve the performance of deep profile control using gel particles，the adaptability evaluation of gel particles for deep profile controlling is carried out according to the reservoir characteristics of strong heterogeneity and rich residual oil after long-term water flooding. The evolution process of the pore throat radius during the long-term water injection is quantitatively determined by NMR experiment，and the relationship between the matching factor（δ）and migration-plugging is established based on the quantitative microporous membrane filtration experiment. The deep migration，profile improvement and capability of enhanced oil recovery（EOR）by gel particles are verified by the dynamic physical experiments. The results show that the matching relationship between the gel particle radius and pore throat plays an important role in the depth of deep profile controlling. When δ is between 1.0 and 3.0，the gel particles are the most effective for deep profile controlling. The gel particles can effectively plug the high-permeability layers in the form of retention，adsorption and bridging，and the profile improvement rate of the heterogeneous core can reach 97.2%. The comparison experiment of three-layer heterogeneous core shows that under the best matching relation，the gel particles have good ability of deep migration and plugging，and the recovery factor can be improved up to 29.3%.