In recent years，China has made continuous breakthroughs in the field of deep marine carbonate petroleum reservoirs and reaped substantial achievements in exploration and development. However，the influence of strong reservoir heterogeneity on development effect appeared gradually as some deep reservoirs entered into the middle or final stage of the development. It is urgent to research reservoir heterogeneity to guide the adjustment and potential tapping of oil and gas reservoirs. Multiple media such as pores，fractures，and caves are widely developed in deep marine carbonate reservoirs. Their formation and evolution are controlled by multiple stages and geological factors and present coupling development，which brings strong multi-scale heterogeneous reservoirs. At the moment，the research on the heterogeneity of deep marine car? bonate reservoirs is still in its infancy. There are poor pertinence and applicability in the research on the heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs，which refers to the relevant theories and research methods of clastic reservoir heterogeneity. For example，the hierarchical classification scheme of clastic reservoir heterogeneity is not completely suitable for deep marine carbonate reservoirs，and a recognized hierarchical classification scheme for carbonate reservoir heterogeneity has not been established so far. The heterogeneity of deep marine carbonate reservoirs is more complex，and there is a lack of systematic understanding of the formation mechanism and distribution law of multi-scale heterogeneity under the coupling development of different media. In addition，based on traditional methods，the prediction and characterization accuracy for the spatial distribution of deep carbonate reservoir heterogeneity is still difficult to meet the actual production needs. Therefore，this paper proposes the following three research directions：study the formation mechanism of multi-scale heterogeneity under the coupling control of a multi-media system and build the development model of multi-scale heterogeneity；establish an applicable classification scheme of deep marine carbonate strata（types）and continuously improve the prediction and characterization accuracy for the spatial distribution of multi-scale heterogeneity with new technical means；and investigate the mechanism of multi-scale heterogeneous seepage and clarify the influence of heterogeneity on development.