Recently，a number of drilling wells in the southeast Sichuan Basin have good oil and gas display in eyeballshaped limestones in the First Member of the Middle Permian of Maokou Formation（Mao1），but the genetic mechanism of the eyeball-shaped limestone has been controversial. Based on the observation of key drilling cores and field outcrops，as well as thin sections of rocks，scanning electron microscopy and microelement analysis，the characteristics and genetic mechanism of the eyeball-shaped limestones are explored，combined with the regional geological background. The results show that the eyeball-shaped limestones of Mao1 in the southeastern Sichuan Basin develop curl deformation structure，liquefied diapir，liquefied veins，hydrothermal veins，and biological shell convex-down，which have the characteristics of earthquake vibration modification. In addition，eyeball-shaped limestones are mainly composed of calcite，quartz, dolomite，talc，pyrite and organic matter. Talc exists as metasomatic bioclasts or in the form of star points, agglomerates，fibrous radiations and rock flowage. The microelement analysis results indicate that the“eyelids”were formed in a more anoxic environ ment than the“eyeballs”，which are both influenced by volcanic activities during the deposition period. The Mao1 eyeball shaped limestones were formed through seismic activities and deposition-diagenesis under the geological background of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. Seismic activities could cause turbulent instantaneous water flow and intermittently destroy steady carbonate deposition conditions，which resulted in different mixing patterns of different components，leading to differences in composition and occurrence of deposits, and thus the eyeball-shaped limestones with special sedimentary structures were formed.