As a new oil displacement technology for low-permeability reservoirs，nanofluid flooding has advantages such as good injectivity，low formation damage，great displacement ability，and intelligent response，which has attracted more and more attention from researchers. Compared with spherical nanoparticles，Janus nanosheets have lower interfacial free energy and more restricted rotation，which can further prevent the diffusion of internal and external molecules and form solid particle films with higher interfacial strength，exhibiting excellent oil displacement performance. Researchers have developed multiple preparation methods for Janus nanosheets，whose application in oil displacement mainly includes nano-emulsion technology and nano-foam stabilization technology. In addition，the characteristic of intelligent response gives such materials more potential. When one side of the sheet nanomaterials is hydrophilic while the other is hydrophobic，they will show amphipathicity and “Pickering”emulsion effect simultaneously，which greatly improves their ability as an efficient nanofluid flooding. With low-cost，large-scale，green，and controllable preparation and the improvement in temperature and salt resistance in the future，Janus nanosheets are expected to significantly enhance oil recovery and provide innovative solutions for stable production and stimulation of oilfields.