The late Carboniferous intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Shixi uplift of Junggar Basin are important oil and gas reservoirs with excellent reservoir properties and active oil and gas display. The relationship between oil and water in volcanic reservoirs in this area is complex，and the understanding of the influencing factors of reservoir development is still unclear. The petrogenesis of the late Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs and the influencing factors of the reservoir development are deeply analyzed by means of core observation，casting thin section，element geochemistry，and logging data. The comprehensive study shows that the chemical index of alteration（CIA）of late Carboniferous volcanic rocks in Shixi uplift is greater than 0.55，which reflects the origin of continental eruption and accumulation. The magmatic properties affect the development of primary pores and fractures，as well as the secondary dissolution micropores in the reservoirs. The neutral amygdaloid porphyritic andesite，porphyritic andesite，and andesitic volcanic breccia have developed primary pores and fractures，as well as secondary dissolution micropores，which have excellent reservoir properties. The intervals with good oil and gas display mainly appear in the andesite at the early and late stages of eruption and overflow and the volcanic breccia at the middle and late stages of the explosion. The andesite has the best physical property，and its primary structural fractures and diagenetic fractures are relatively developed，followed by volcanic breccia，and dacite is the worst. The burial depth has an obvious influence on the porosity of andesite，but it slightly affects the porosities of the volcanic breccia and dacite，as well as the permeability of andesite，volcanic breccia，and dacite. The main fault can obviously control the development density and flow capacity of reservoir fractures. Within the radius of 1.5 km affected by the main fault，the reservoir fracture development density is relatively large，and the flow capacity is relatively positive. Weathering leaching and alteration mainly affect the physical properties of the reservoir. Basalt，andesite，dacite，and volcanic breccia that have undergone strong weathering leaching and alteration can all become favorable reservoirs.