Shale permeability and its distribution are vital to key projects in the energy and environment fields，such as shale oil and gas development，reserves estimate of conventional oil and gas reservoirs，sealing ability of caprock in underground gas storage and CO2 geological storage，geological disposal of nuclear waste，and reinjection safety of produced water from gas fields. The research on the characteristics of shale permeability is of extensive theoretical and engineering practical significance. Therefore，this study systematically summarized the research progress in the measurement methods and influencing factors of shale permeability. The analysis indicates that the shale permeability ranges from micro-darcy to nano-darcy，which is commonly measured by the steadystate method and pulse-decay method. The factors affecting shale permeability include but are not limited to the fluid type and saturation，mineral compositions，pore pressure，effective stress，experimental temperature，anisotropy，and fluid-rock chemical dissolution and precipitation interactions. The difference in fluid-rock interaction and the change in effective flow radii of pores under different conditions are the fundamental reasons for the permeability variation.